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Schematic diagram outlining the immune responses in the intestine. At the inductive site, M cells transfer the antigen to the antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate naive T cells to differentiate into T helper cells. The activated T cells stimulate B cells, which further leave the lymph nodes to enter the circulatory system. B cells migrate to effector sites and differentiate into plasma cells, which in turn produce IgA and IgG.
