Table 4.
Antimicrobial non-ribosomal biosynthesized peptides produced by Bacillus licheniformis.
| Substance(s) Specific/Unspecific Name | Producing Strain | Molecular Mass | Activity Assay | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.2.1. Bacitracin | ||||
| Bacitracin/Ayfivin | Bacillus licheniformis strain EI-34-6, HN-5 | 1.42 kDa |
M. tuberculosis
M. smegmatis Actinomyces israeli Pantoea ananatis gram-positive cocci staphylococci streptococci corynebacteria anaerobic cocci clostridia |
[112,113,114,115] |
|
Treponema pallidum
T. vincenti neisseria gonococci meningococci | ||||
| Antimicrobial compound (a variant of subpeptin and bacitracin) | B. licheniformis IMF1, IMF2, IMF5, IMF6, IMF22 and IMF78 | 1.42 kDa |
L. lactis HP L. bulgaricus LMG 6901 S. aureus ST528 S. agalactiae ATCC 13813 L. innocua FH2333 L. monocytogenes LO28 |
[54] |
| 2.2.2. Cyclic lipopeptides (biosurfactants) | ||||
| 2.2.2.1. Surfactin homologues | ||||
| Surfactin and lichenysin isoforms | Bacillus licheniformis HSN 221 | 1.048–1.063 kDa | ND | [116] |
| Surfactin | B. licheniformis BC98 | 1.035 kDa |
Sclerotium sclerotinii Phomopsis phyllanthi Rhizoctonia bataticola Aspergillus niger N 573 Curvularia lunata Magnaporthe grisea Helminthosporium sp. Chaetomium sp. Fusarium verticillioides Pestaliopsis magnifera Gleosporium magnefera |
[101] |
| Lipopeptides | B. licheniformis (soil isolate) | 1.022 and 1.036 kDa |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli |
[102] |
| Lipopeptide biosurfactants | B. licheniformis MB01 | 0.994, 1.008, 1.022, and 1.036 kDa | Staphylococcus aureus | [117] |
|
Escherichia coli Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio harveyi Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus species | ||||
| Lipopeptide biosurfactants (surfactin homologues and fengycin A, B) |
B. licheniformis V9T14 (DSM 21038) | ND |
E. coli CFT073 (biofilm formation) |
[118,119] |
| Surfactin (major isoform—surfactin C) | B. licheniformis ATCC 12713 | ND |
C. perfringens ATCC13124 Staphylococcus aureus BCRC10780 |
[120,121] |
| B. hyodysenteriae ATCC 27164 | ||||
| Surfactant BL86 | Bacillus licheniformis BL86 | from 0.979 to 1.091 kDa and varying in increments of 14 Da | ND | [122] |
| BL1193 (non-lipopeptide type biosurfactant together with lipopeptides, plipastatin, and surfactin) | B. licheniformis F2.2 | 1.193 kDa | B. subtilis | [103] |
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli (inhibited by plipastatin) | ||||
| 2.2.2.2. Lichenysins | ||||
| Lichenysin | B. licheniformis NBRC 104464 | ND | [123] | |
| Lichenysins A | B. licheniformis BAS50 | 1.006–1.034 kDa |
Bacillus sp. Strain ATCC 39307 Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus |
[124] |
|
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Alcaligenes eutrophus Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas proteofaciens Escherichia coli Enterobacter sp. strain 306 | ||||
| 2.2.2.3. Biosurfactant licheniformin | ||||
| Licheniformin | B. licheniformis MS3 | 1.438 kDa | ND | [125] |
| BLS | B. licheniformis P40 | 0.800 kDa |
Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 Bacillus cereus (food isolate) Bacillus subtilis (food isolate) Corynebacterium fimi NCTC 7547 Enterococcus faecalis (clinical isolate) Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 Listeria inoccua (food isolate) Rhodococcus sp. Staphylococcus intermedius (clinical isolate) Streptococcus sp. (b-haemolytic) Streptococcus sp. (clinical isolate) Streptococcus sp. (clinical isolate) |
[29,126] |
|
Aeromonas hydrophila (clinical isolate) Aeromonas sp. (clinical isolate) Enterobacter aerogenes (food isolate) Erwinia carotorovora (food isolate) Erwinia carotorovora 309 (food isolate) Erwinia carotorovora A325 (food isolate) Pasteurella haemolytica (clinical isolate) Salmonella gallinarium (clinical isolate) | ||||
| 2.2.2.4. Fengycins | ||||
| Fengycins A,B (and surfactin homologues) |
B. licheniformis V9T14 (DSM 21038) (also produced by Bacillus licheniformis B6) |
ND |
E. coli CFT073 (biofilm formation) |
[118,119,127] |
| Lipopeptides (fengycins A and B, iturin, kurstakin, surfactin isophorms) | Bacillus licheniformis B6 | 1.2–1.65 kDa | Staphylococcus aureus | [127] |
|
Escherichia coli Klebsiella sp. | ||||
| 2.2.3. Other lipopeptides | ||||
| Biosurfactant | Bacillus licheniformis M104 | ND |
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki ATCC 19266 Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 10792 Bacillus cereus ATCC 9634 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25928 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25928 |
[105] |
|
Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 Escherichia coli ATCC 11246 Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 | ||||
| Antiadhesin (I) | B. licheniformis 603 | ND | Corynebacterium variabilis Ac1122 | [128] |
| Acinetobacter sp. | ||||
| CB-1 | Bacillus licheniformis | 42 kDa | Bacillus cereus NFRI 8004 | [104] |
| Escherichia coli K-12 | ||||
| NIOT-AMKV06 | Bacillus licheniformis NIOT-AMKV06 | ND |
Enterococcus faecalis MTCC439 Bacillus subtilis MTCC441 Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96 Micrococcus luteus MTCC1541 |
[129] |
|
Salmonella typhi MTCC734 Proteus mirabilis MTCC142 Vibrio cholerae MTCC3904 Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC109 Shigella flexineri MTCC1457 | ||||
ND—no data. Gram- bacteria are lower the line, and Gram+ bacteria are above the line.