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Viruses can block Pellino1 activity through different mechanisms. MsEPV encodes a Pellino protein that binds to IRAK but fails to engage downstream signaling. This prevents the production of type I IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. JEV enhances expression of the host miR-155, which in turn suppresses expression of Pellino1 and inflammatory genes. Black X indicates that the Pellino1 protein is not synthesized. Red X indicates that the pathway cannot take place.
