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Flaviviruses promote neuroinflammation through a Pellino1-dependent mechanism. (a) Pellino1 promotes IL-1, IL-6, and TNF expression and neuroinflammation in response to infection with WNV in the adult brain. (b) During embryonic ZV infection, Pellino1 drives the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF. This results in inflammation that causes malformations and death.
