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Pellino1 is inhibited by Smad6 and Smad7. (a) Following activation via TGF-β, Smad6 and Smad7 bind to Pellino1. This prevents Pellino1•IRAK interactions, and thus downstream signaling events are not engaged. (b) Smaducin-6, a peptide based on the Smad6 sequence, inhibits Pellino1 during ZV infections. This results in attenuated IL-1-, IL-6-, and TNF-dependent inflammation and death in the developing embryos. Red Xs indicate pathways that cannot take place.
