Table 1.

Regulatory functions of Pellino proteins. Pellino1 and Pellino3 can through ubiquitination promote degradation of direct or indirect downstream signaling factors. Pellino1 itself is regulated at the mRNA and protein levels through the action of inhibitory molecules. These factors act upstream of the Pellino1-activated signaling cascades.

Pellino Protein	Downstream Degraded Target	Upstream Regulator
Pellino3	TRAF6 [15]
Pellino3	TRAF3 [58]
Pellino3	TANK [57]
Pellino1	TRAF3 [59,60]
Pellino1	c-Rel [61]	miR-155 [53]
Pellino1		Smad6 [62]
Pellino1		Smad7 [63]
Pellino1		IDO [64]