Table 1.
Weekly body weight gain and relative liver weight of male rats during the CPF or IM treatment experimental period and the ameliorating effect of pomegranate-extract-loaded clove-oil-based nanoemulsion.
| Group | Initial bw (g) | Final bw (g) | Weekly bw Gain (g) |
% of Weekly bw Gain |
Liver Weight |
Relative Liver Weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 142.00 ± 2.30 | 220.80 ± 2.60 ab | 19.70 ± 0.80 a | 100.00 | 6.88 ± 0.63 cd | 3.11 ± 0.26 cd |
| II | 142.80 ± 1.90 | 220.40 ± 2.40 abc | 19.40 ± 1.04 ab | 98.48 | 6.57 ± 0.24 d | 2.98 ± 0.12 d |
| III | 145.20 ± 2.20 | 218.60 ± 1.90 bc | 18.35 ± 0.80 bc | 93.15 | 6.89 ± 0.36 bcd | 3.15 ± 1.40 cd |
| IV | 146.60 ± 2.10 | 218.80 ± 2.60 bc | 18.05 ± 0.90 c | 91.62 | 7.06 ± 0.43 bcd | 3.23 ± 0.21 bc |
| V | 148.20 ± 1.10 | 218.40 ± 2.30 bc | 17.55 ± 0.70 cd | 89.09 | 7.42 ± 0.29 ab | 3.39 ± 0.13 ab |
| VI | 149.00 ± 2.40 | 219.80 ± 1.50 abc | 17.70 ± 0.80 cd | 89.85 | 7.08 ± 0.17 bcd | 3.22 ± 0.06 bcd |
| VII | 150.40 ± 0.50 | 217.60 ± 1.10 cd | 16.80 ± 0.20 de | 85.28 | 7.39 ± 0.50 abc | 3.40 ± 0.24 ab |
| VIII | 149.60 ± 1.90 | 215.40 ± 1.80 d | 16.45 ± 0.90 e | 83.50 | 7.73 ± 0.26 a | 3.59 ± 0.10 a |
| IX | 148.00 ± 1.00 | 222.00 ± 2.10 a | 18.50 ± 0.60 bc | 93.91 | 6.92 ± 0.29 bcd | 3.12 ± 0.11 cd |
| X | 150.00 ± 1.60 | 221.80 ± 1.60 a | 17.95 ± 0.80 c | 91.12 | 6.71 ± 0.35 d | 3.02 ± 0.17 cd |
Values are the mean ± S.D. Values with the same letter have insignificant differences at p ≤ 0.05. Control group (I); Pomegranate–clove-oil-based nanoemulsion group (II); Imidacloprid-treated groups (III, IV, and V) which received IM in drinking water at doses of 14, 28, and 54 mg/kg bw/day, respectively; Chlorpyrifos-treated groups (VI, VII, and VIII) which received CPF in drinking water at doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. IM pomegranate–clove-oil-based nanoemulsion treatment group (IX) received IM at the highest dose (54 mg/kg bw/day) plus nanoemulsion at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day. CPF pomegranate–clove-oil-based nanoemulsion treatment group (X) received CPF at the highest dose (4 mg/kg bw/day) plus nanoemulsion at the dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day. Weekly body weight (g) = (final bw − initial bw)/no. of weeks. Relative liver weight (%) = (liver weight (g)/final bw (g) × 100). Percentage of weekly bw gain (%) = (Weekly bw gain of treatment/Weekly bw gain of control) × 100.