Table 3.
Factors associated with wasting among children under five in Northern Africa: unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs).
| Variables | Wasted Children 0–23 Months | Wasted Children 24–59 Months | Wasted Children 0–59 Months | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | aOR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | aOR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | aOR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Enabling factors | ||||||||||||
| Geographical zone | ||||||||||||
| Algeria | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Egypt | 0.89 (0.58, 1.35) | 0.568 | 0.68 (0.42, 1.10) | 0.115 | 0.94 (0.58, 1.52) | 0.787 | 1.00 (0.59, 1.69) | 0.995 | 0.95 (0.66, 1.37) | 0.791 | 0.94 (0.65, 1.37) | 0.762 |
| Sudan | 4.41 (3.27, 5.93) | <0.001 | 3.25 (2.21, 4.78) | <0.001 | 10.88 (8.56, 13.83) | <0.001 | 14.58 (10.55, 20.16) | <0.001 | 6.65 (5.29, 8.37) | <0.001 | 6.16 (4.69, 8.12) | <0.001 |
| Tunisia | 0.61 (0.38, 0.96) | 0.034 | 0.66 (0.42, 1.02) | 0.063 | 0.86 (0.56, 1.31) | 0.472 | 0.93 (0.61, 1.42) | 0.735 | 0.68 (0.49, 0.95) | 0.025 | 0.69 (0.49, 0.97) | 0.032 |
| Underlying factors | ||||||||||||
| Pooled household wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Richest | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Rich | - | - | - | - | 0.95 (0.74, 1.22) | 0.691 | 1.43 (1.07, 1.92) | 0.016 | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 0.015 | 1.29 (1.01, 1.63) | 0.037 |
| Middle | - | - | - | - | 0.67 (0.51, 0.89) | 0.005 | 0.99 (1.73, 1.33) | 0.924 | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.024 | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 0.951 |
| Poor | - | - | - | - | 1.44 (1.08, 1.92) | 0.013 | 1.41 (1.05, 1.88) | 0.021 | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 0.131 | 1.10 (0.88, 1.38) | 0.418 |
| Poorest | - | - | - | - | 1.63 (1.24, 2.13) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.42, 2.40) | <0.001 | 1.24 (0.97, 1.59) | 0.082 | 1.39 (1.09, 1.79) | 0.009 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | - | - | - | - | 0.79 (0.98, 0.92) | 0.003 | 0.77 (0.66, 0.92) | 0.001 | 0.88 (0.78, 1.00) | 0.049 | 0.88 (0.78, 1.00) | 0.044 |
| Child age | ||||||||||||
| 0–5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 6–11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.15 (0.88, 1.51) | 0.314 | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) | 0.477 |
| 12–17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 0.442 | 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) | 0.415 |
| 18–23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) | 0.084 | 0.87 (0.66, 1.15) | 0.322 |
| 24–29 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) | 0.25 | 0.85 (0.67, 1.09) | 0.198 | ||
| 30–35 | - | - | - | - | 0.69 (0.55, 0.87) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.62, 1.01) | 0.061 | 0.60 (0.48, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.51, 0.86) | 0.002 |
| 36–41 | - | - | - | - | 0.66 (0.50, 0.87) | 0.004 | 0.70 (0.50, 0.98) | 0.038 | 0.58 (0.44, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.39, 0.67) | <0.001 |
| 42–47 | - | - | - | - | 0.76 (0.60, 0.96) | 0.023 | 0.76 (0.56, 1.03) | 0.075 | 0.66 (0.52, 0.85) | 0.001 | 0.62 (0.48, 0.80) | <0.001 |
| 48–53 | - | - | - | - | 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) | 0.014 | 0.81 (0.60, 1.09) | 0.157 | 0.65 (0.52, 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.49, 0.79) | <0.001 |
| 54–59 | - | - | - | - | 0.72 (0.56, 0.94) | 0.014 | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) | 0.944 | 0.63 (0.48, 0.84) | 0.001 | 0.68 (0.52, 0.90) | 0.006 |
| Father’s age | ||||||||||||
| 18–34 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | ||
| 35–44 | - | - | - | - | 0.61 (0.51, 0.74) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 0.278 | - | - | - | - |
| 45+ | - | - | - | - | 0.70 (0.57, 0.86) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | 0.031 | - | - | - | - |
| Birth order | ||||||||||||
| No previous brith | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2.27 (1.76, 2.92) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.06, 1.93) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2–3 | 2.88 (2.13, 3.91) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.03, 2.42) | 0.038 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 4+ | 4.41 (3.26, 5.96) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.13, 2.38) | 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Immediate factors | ||||||||||||
| Dietary diversity | ||||||||||||
| 5+ food groups | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| <5 food groups | 2.07 (1.67, 2.56) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.20, 1.90) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | 1.66 (1.41, 1.97) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.00, 1.52) | 0.049 |
| Diarrhoea in the previous two weeks | ||||||||||||
| No | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.27 (1.94, 2.64) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) | 0.024 |