Table 3.
Lemongrass oil and its nanoemulsion impacts on toxigenic fungal growth and mycotoxin production of A. flavus and A. carbonarius germinated spores in simulated media.
| Treatment | Mycelia Weight | Growth (%) |
MFC (mg/mL) |
Total AFs (ng/mL) |
Reduction (%) |
OCA (ng/mL) |
Reduction (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A. flavus fungi | |||||||
| Control | 6.1848 ± 0.424 | 100 | - | 922.71 ± 20.32 | - | - | - |
| LGEO | 3.6949 ± 0.588 | 59.74 | 1.76 | 509.11 ± 20.02 | 44.82 | - | - |
| MF-LGEO | 1.6418 ± 0.418 | 26.54 | 0.81 | 421.67 ± 18.66 | 54.3 | - | - |
| Nystatin | 0.9945 ± 0.117 | 16.07 | 0.05 | 106.81 ± 12.41 | 88.42 | - | - |
| (100 µg/mL) | |||||||
|
A. carbonarius fungi | |||||||
| Control | 5.3477 ± 0.477 | 100 | - | - | - | 414.33 ± 7.32 | - |
| LGEO | 2.9971 ± 0.686 | 56.04 | 1.45 | - | - | 221.52 ± 8.29 | 46.53 |
| MF-LGEO | 1.2616 ± 0.284 | 23.59 | 0.65 | - | - | 105.37 ± 5.54 | 74.57 |
| Nystatin | 1.0057 ± 0.225 | 18.81 | 0.03 | - | - | 67.81 ± 5.08 | 83.63 |
| (100 µg/mL) | |||||||
The data are expressed as means ± SD (where n = 3, p ≤ 0.05); SD: standard deviation; MFC: minimal fungicidal concentration. LGEO: lemongrass essential oil; MF-LGEO: microfluidizing nanoemulsion of lemongrass essential oil. Growth (%) represents the fungal growth ratio compared to the fungal growth of the control (without treatment in media). Reduction (%) represents the decreases of toxin production in the media containing the treatment compared to toxin content in the control media (without treatment in media).