Table 2.
Anthropometric measures, abdominal adiposity, and metabolic features pre- and post-intervention b.
| Characteristics | CAST-CR (Mean ± SD) |
AT-CR (Mean ± SD) |
ANOVAs (Between-Groups) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | Pre-intervention | 38.64 ± 2.47 | 35.47 ± 2.55 | 0.01 * |
| Post-intervention | 35.49 ± 2.28 a | 33.66 ± 2.07 a | ||
| MD (95% CI) | −3.15 | −1.80 | ||
| Waist Circumference (cm) | Pre-intervention | 119.53 ± 5.57 | 118.35 ± 4.38 | 0.22 |
| Post-intervention | 110.39 ± 6.16 a | 112.38 ± 3.66 a | ||
| MD (95% CI) | −9.13 | −5.96 | ||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | Pre-intervention | 219.04 ± 8.03 | 221.93 ± 9.88 | 0.318 |
| Post-intervention | 187.75 ± 6.57 a | 196.27 ± 8.22 a | 0.001 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −31.28 | −25.65 | ||
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | Pre-intervention | 49.32 ± 9.04 | 50.24 ± 6.34 | 0.712 |
| Post-intervention | 64.62 ± 4.80 a | 58.69 ± 4.65 a | 0.001 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | 15.32 | 8.45 | ||
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | Pre-intervention | 128.29 ± 8.91 | 126.16 ± 7.16 | 0.411 |
| Post-intervention | 100.70 ± 6.24 a | 107.46 ± 6.81 a | 0.002 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −27.58 | −18.69 | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | Pre-intervention | 157.76 ± 20.93 | 164.74 ± 20.01 | 0.286 |
| Post-intervention | 116.13 ± 10.68 a | 128.04 ± 12.54 a | 0.003 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −41.62 | −36.72 | ||
| AST (U/L) | Pre-intervention | 44.85 ± 8.79 | 46.85 ± 6.51 | 0.419 |
| Post-intervention | 28.35 ± 4.60 a | 34.05 ± 5.14 a | 0.001 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −16.50 | −12.80 | ||
| ALT (U/L) | Pre-intervention | 38.21 ± 3.75 | 38.84 ± 3.43 | 0.582 |
| Post-intervention | 28.56 ± 2.60 a | 31.55 ± 3.35 a | 0.003 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −9.65 | −7.29 | ||
| SFT (cm) | Pre-intervention | 3.33 ± 1.03 | 3.26 ± 0.98 | 0.826 |
| Post-intervention | 1.66 ± 0.54 a | 2.18 ± 0.99 a | 0.04 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −1.67 | −1.07 | ||
| VAT (cm3) | Pre-intervention | 3542.35 ± 1269.02 | 3391.21 ± 986.57 | 0.676 |
| Post-intervention | 1449.75 ± 728.27 a | 2074.95 ± 907.07 a | 0.02 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −2092.59 | −1316.25 | ||
| Fasting Glucose (Mmol/L) | Pre-intervention | 4.74 ± 0.44 | 4.85 ± 0.45 | 0.424 |
| Post-intervention | 3.94 ± 0.42 a | 4.38 ± 0.29 a | 0.001 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −0.79 | −0.46 | ||
| Fasting Insulin (uIU/mL) | Pre-intervention | 10.26 ± 1.10 | 9.62 ± 0.96 | 0.092 |
| Post-intervention | 3.83 ± 1.06 a | 4.15 ± 0.75 a | 0.276 | |
| MD (95% CI) | −6.43 | −5.47 | ||
| HOMA-IR | Pre-intervention | 1.83 ± 0.23 | 1.88 ± 0.25 | 0576 |
| Post-intervention | 0.59 ± 0.24 a | 0.80 ± 0.25 a | 0.009 * | |
| MD (95% CI) | −1.24 | −1.07 | ||
CAST-CR, concurrent aerobic and strength training with caloric restriction; AT-CR, aerobic training with caloric restriction; BMI, body mass index; HLD, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; SFT, subcutaneous fat thickness; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; MD, mean difference; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; a significant p value between baseline and 12 weeks within groups; b adjustment for pairwise multiple comparisons: Bonferroni; * significant; level of significance at p < 0.05.