Table 2.
The prevalence and odds ratio for GERD and GERD-associated complications in patients with COPD. OR, odds ratio; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval. Adjusted for age, sex, race, hiatal hernia, obesity, and smoking.
| Case | Prevalence (%) or Case per 10,000 Patients | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonerosive reflux disease | |||||
| COPD | 276,281 | 27.70% | 1.407 | 1.399–1.414 | <0.01 |
| Non-COPD | 868,762 | 14.10% | |||
| Erosive esophagitis | |||||
| COPD | 7348 | 101.7 | 1.165 | 1.133–1.199 | <0.01 |
| Non-COPD | 28,361 | 53.6 | |||
| Esophageal stricture | |||||
| COPD | 1782 | 24.7 | 1.399 | 1.321–1.481 | <0.01 |
| Non-COPD | 5100 | 9.6 | |||
| Barrett’s esophagus w/o dysplasia | |||||
| COPD | 5081 | 84.6 | 1.354 | 1.312–1.397 | <0.01 |
| Non-COPD | 17,625 | 33.4 | |||
| Barrett’s esophagus w/ dysplasia | |||||
| COPD | 128 | 1.8 | 1.235 | 1.002–1.521 | <0.05 |
| Non-COPD | 404 | 0.8 | |||
| Esophageal cancer | |||||
| COPD | 605 | 8.4 | 1.327 | 1.204–1.462 | <0.01 |
| Non-COPD | 1852 | 3.5 | |||