Figure 4.

Surface properties, measured as contact angle (θ) values, with or without the BS B3-15 at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µg/mL). The bars represent the data mean ± SD for three replicates (n = 3). Statistical differences were evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Significantly different, * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01, compared with untreated controls. Different lowercase letters above the bar graph indicate significant statistical differences (p < 0.01).