Table 2.
The demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic, health condition, and lifestyle characteristics of the study sample, split by gender.
| VARIABLES | All N (%) or M ± SD |
Female N (%) or M ± SD |
Male N (%) or M ± SD |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 850 | 444 (52.2) | 406 (47.8) | ||
| Age (years) | 57.0 ± 15.8 | 56.7 ± 17.1 | 57.4 ± 15.4 | 0.922 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 5.3 | 27.6 ± 5.9 | 27.9 ± 4.4 | 0.381 |
| Body weight (kg) | 79.3 ± 16.2 | 73.0 ± 15.4 | 86.1 ± 14.2 | <0.001 |
| Body fat (%) | 31.6 ± 8.8 | 35.4 ± 7.9 | 27.4 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | 0.870 | |||
| >30 min/day | 756 (88.9) | 396 (89.2) | 360 (88.7) | |
| <30 min/day | 94 (11.1) | 48 (10.8) | 46 (11.3) | |
| Family status | <0.001 | |||
| Single (single, widowed, divorced) | 235 (27.7) | 144 (32.4) | 91 (22.4) | |
| In a relationship | 614 (72.3) | 300 (67.6) | 314 (77.3) | |
| Place of residence | 0.007 | |||
| Village | 466 (54.8) | 220 (49.5) | 246 (60.6) | |
| Suburban area | 139 (16.4) | 88 (19.8) | 51 (12.6) | |
| City | 245 (28.8) | 136 (30.6) | 109 (26.8) | |
| Education | 0.568 | |||
| No university degree | 650 (76.5) | 336 (75.7) | 314 (77.3) | |
| University degree, Masters or Ph.D. | 200 (23.5) | 108 (24.3) | 92 (22.7) | |
| Geographical area | 0.122 | |||
| East Slovenia | 515 (60.6) | 258 (58.1) | 257 (63.3) | |
| West Slovenia | 335 (39.4) | 186 (41.9) | 149 (36.7) | |
| Smoking habits | <0.001 | |||
| Current | 152 (17.9) | 64 (14.4) | 88 (21.7) | |
| Former | 217 (25.5) | 72 (16.2) | 145 (35.7) | |
| No | 481 (56.6) | 308 (69.4) | 197 (48.5) | |
| Sleeping (h/day) | 0.255 | |||
| During week | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | |
| During weekend | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | |
| Employment status | 0.491 | |||
| Employed | 240 (28.3) | 122 (27.5) | 119 (29.3) | |
| Unemployed | 64 (7.5) | 39 (8.8) | 25 (6.2) | |
| Student | 34 (4.0) | 21 (4.7) | 13 (3.2) | |
| Retired | 511 (60.2) | 262 (59.0) | 249 (61.5) | |
| Family monthly net income (€) | 0.175 | |||
| <1300 | 421 (49.5) | 224 (50.4) | 197 (48.5) | |
| 1301–2500 | 265 (31.2) | 148 (33.3) | 138 (33.9) | |
| >2500 | 57 (6.7) | 22 (4.9) | 35 (8.6) | |
| Do not wish to tell or do not know | 107 (12.6) | 50 (11.4) | 57 (14.0) | |
| Health conditions | ||||
| Hypertension | 0.040 | |||
| Yes | 330 (38.8) | 158 (35.6) | 172 (42.4) | |
| No | 517 (60.8) | 285 (64.2) | 232 (57.1) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.145 | |||
| Yes | 228 (26.8) | 128 (28.8) | 100 (24.6) | |
| No | 614 (72.2) | 310 (69.8) | 304 (74.9) | |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 14 (1.6) | 2 (0.5) | 12 (3.0) | |
| No | 827 (97.3) | 436 (98.2) | 391 (96.3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 0.387 | |||
| Yes | 64 (7.5) | 30 (6.8) | 34 (8.4) | |
| No | 779 (91.6) | 409 (92.1) | 370 (91.1) | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 0.033 | |||
| Yes | 100 (11.8) | 42 (9.5) | 58 (14.3) | |
| No | 742 (87.3) | 396 (89.2) | 346 (85.2) | |
| Osteoporosis | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 54 (6.4) | 49 (11.0) | 5 (1.2) | |
| No | 790 (92.9) | 390 (87.8) | 400 (98.5) | |
| Colon cancer | 0.573 | |||
| Yes | 12 (1.4) | 6 (1.4) | 6 (1.5) | |
| No | 833 (98.0) | 434 (97.7) | 399 (98.3) | |
| MEDAS score (0–14) | 5.6 ± 2.1 | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 5.3 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Adherence to the Mediterranean diet | 0.002 | |||
| Low (0–5) | 430 (50.6) | 197 (44.4) | 233 (57.4) | |
| Moderate to high (6–14) | 420 (49.4) | 247 (55.6) | 173 (42.6) |
Notes: Body mass index (BMI), mean (M), number (N), standard deviation (SD). Bold values indicate the statistical significance between women and men p ≤ 0.05.