Table 2.
Results of the univariable analysis. Outcome: Failure of conservative antibiotic therapy +/− percutaneous drainage.
| Variable | Success Group n = 46 (65.7%) |
Failure Group n = 25 (34.3%) |
p Value | Odds Ratio | Mean Difference | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) ± mean difference (MD) | 63.9 ± 14.7 | 57.0 ± 13.1 | 0.056 | 6.96 | −0.18; 0.99 | |
| Sex (Male) n. (%) | 21 (45.6%) | 14 (56.0%) | 0.405 | 0.660 | 0.25; 1.76 | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) ± mean difference (MD) | 26.5 ± 4.6 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 0.615 | 0.74 | −0.50; 0.85 | |
| Charlson’s Comorbidity Index ± mean difference (MD) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 0.524 | 0.28 | −0.34; 0.65 | |
| Diabetes | 4 (8.7%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.460 | 0.438 | 0.05; 4.14 | |
| Chronic renal failure | 3 (6.5%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.660 | 0.597 | 0.06; 6.06 | |
| Corticosteroid therapy | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.945 | 0.917 | 0.08; 10.60 | |
| Heart failure | - | 1 (4.0%) | 0.172 | 5.690 | 0.22; 142 | |
| Obesity | 4 (8.7%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.797 | 0.804 | 0.15; 4.25 | |
| Coagulopathy | - | 1 (4.0%) | 0.172 | 5.690 | 0.22; 145 | |
| Hypertension | 22 (47.8%) | 8 (32.0%) | 0.197 | 0.513 | 0.19; 1.42 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.244 | 3.910 | 0.34; 45.50 | |
| Renal failure (N. %) | 12 (26.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | 0.566 | 0.708 | 0.21; 2.31 | |
| Coronaropathy | 6 (13.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.521 | 0.580 | 0.11; 3.11 | |
| Tobacco Smoking | 3 (6.5%) | 8 (32.0%) | 0.007 | 7.330 | 1.55; 34.70 | |
| Alcohol drinking | 2 (4.3%) | 5 (20.0%) | 0.071 | 4.770 | 0.79; 28.70 | |
| Leukocytes × 103/μL ± mean difference (MD) | 14.1 ± 4.9 | 13.7 ± 3.6 | 0.716 | 0.42 | −0.40; 0.59 | |
| CRP mg/L ± mean difference (MD) | 101.4 ± 17.8 | 144.1 ± 21.7 | 0.345 | −15.30 | −0.91; 0.52 | |
| Anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL) | 13.0 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 1.7 | 0.665 | −0.18 | −0.60; 0.38 | |
| Platelets × 103/μL ± mean difference (MD) | 258 ± 13.8 | 299 ± 18.2 | 0.087 | −32.11 | −0.93; 0.06 | |
| Procalcitonin ng/mL ± mean difference (MD) | 0.1 ± 6.6 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.601 | 7.14 | −1.20; 1.76 | |
| Fever (>38 °C) | 19 (41.3%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.662 | 1.301 | 0.40; 4.19 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) ± mean difference (MD) | 130 ± 16.5 | 135 ± 19.1 | 0.254 | −1.52 | −0.81; 0.22 | |
| Tachycardia (>100 bpm) | 12 (26.1%) | 10 (40.0%) | 0.226 | 1.892 | 0.67; 5.32 | |
| Number of previous episodes of acute diverticulitis (previous episodes) | 36 (78.2%) (0 episodes) 4 (8.7%) (1 episode) 6 (13.0%) (>1 episodes) |
22 (88.0%) (0 episodes) 3 (12.0%) (1 episode) - (>1 episodes) |
0.163 | 0.14; 2.41 | ||
| Diameter of the abscess on CT (mm) ± mean difference (MD) | 40.0 ± 4.3 | 50.0 ± 10.1 | 0.195 | −14.43 | −1.01; 0.13 | |
| Number of abscesses on CT | 38 (82.6%) (1 abscess) 5 (10.9%) (2 abscesses) 3 (6.5%) (>2 abscesses) |
23 (92.0%) (1 abscess) 2 (8.0%) (2 abscesses) - (>2 abscesses) |
0.521 |
0.600 | 0.11; 3.16 | |
| Hinchey stage IIa | 21 (45.6%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.081 | 0.376 | 0.12; 1.11 | |
| Hinchey stage IIb | 25 (54.4%) | 19 (76.0%) | ||||
| Presence of air bubbles in the abscess | 22 (47.8%) | 12 (48.0%) | 0.848 | 0.900 | 0.31; 2.64 | |
| Number of air bubbles in the abscess | 24 (52.2%) (0 bubbles) 11 (23.9%) (1 bubble) 11 (23.9%) (>1 bubble) |
8 (32.0%) (0 bubbles) 4 (16.0%) (1 bubble) 8 (32.0%) (>1 bubble) |
0.839 | 1.320 | 0.44; 3.96 | |
| Presence of retroperitoneal air bubbles | - | 2 (8.0%) | 0.025 | 13.300 | 1.61; 291.0 | |
| Presence of extraluminal air at distance | 3 (6.5%) | 5 (20.0%) | 0.043 | 4.480 | 1.96; 20.91 | |
| Presence of free pelvic fluid | 6 (13.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.890 | 1.110 | 0.25; 4.95 | |
| CT-guided percutaneous drainage of the abscess | 7 (15.2%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.153 | 0.232 | 0.03;2.01 | |
| Duration of symptoms before hospital admission (>3 Days) (N. %) | 26 (56.5%) | 18 (72.0%) | 0.199 | 1.980 | 0.69; 5.65 | |
| Time spent in the emergency department (minutes) ± mean difference (MD) | 303.0 ± 187.2 | 203.0 ± 40.8 | 0.111 | 276.68 | −0.27; 0.79 | |
| Day of the admission | 0.608 | 1.39 | 0.39; 4.95 | |||
| Weekdays | 39 (84.8%) | 20 (80.0%) | ||||
| Weekends | 7 (15.2%) | 5 (20.0%) |