Table 3.

Changes in antithyroid antibody levels and different immunological parameters after vitamin D supplementation in different studies.

Author, Year	Dose and Supplementation Duration	Changes in 25(OH)D Levels	Other Changes in Immunological Parameters	Changes in Anti-TPO Titers	Changes in Anti-Tg Titers
Mazokopakis et al., 2015 [112]	1200–4000 IU daily, aiming to achieve 25(OH)D concentration of >40 ng/mL, 4 months	⬆		⬇	⬇
Chaudhary et al., 2016 [113]	60,000 IU weekly, 8 weeks	⬆		⬇
Simsek et al., 2016 [115]	1000 IU daily, 1 month	⬆		⬇	⬇
Mirhosseini et al., 2017 [116]	Doses modified with the aim to achieve 25(OH)D concentration of >40 ng/mL, 1 year	⬆	CRP ⬇	⬇	⬇
Vondra et al., 2017 [117]	4300 IU daily, 3 months	⬆	CRP ⬌	⬆	⬆
Nodehi et al., 2019 [122]	50,000 IU weekly, 3 months	⬆	-Th17/Tr1 ratio ⬇ -IL-10 ⬆
Aghili et al., 2020 [114]	Varied depending on initial and rechecked 25(OH)D concentrations	⬆		⬇	⬇
Behera et al., 2020 [118]	60,000 IU weekly, 2 months, then 60,000 IU monthly, 4 months	⬆		⬆
Krysiak et al., 2016–2022 [7,101,102,103,106,107,108]	2000–4000 IU daily for 6 months	⬆		⬇	⬇
Krysiak et al., 2022 [109]	4000 IU daily for 6 months	⬆	CRP ⬌	⬇	⬇
Robat-Jazi et al., 2022 [119]	50,000 IU weekly, 3 months	⬆	-IFN-γ ⬇ -IP10 ⬇ -TNF-α ⬇	⬇

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-10; interleukin 10; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IP10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; Th17, T helper 17 cell; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tr1, type 1 regulatory T cell; ⬆, an increase; ⬇, a decrease; ⬌, no significant change.