Table 4.
The currently reported SERS substrates for sensing pesticides and their substrates, metal particles, target substances, and performances.
| Ref. | Substrate | Metal Particles | Aptamer | Target Substance and Matrix | LOD | Linear Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [151] | Au nanostructure array | single-atom construction site of in-situ synthesized Ag on Au nanostructures | No | Acetamiprid and Cycocel | Acetamiprid: 0.1 ppb | Acetamiprid: 1 × 10−4~1 × 10−9 M, R2 = 0.91567 Cycocel: 1 × 10−5~1 × 10−9 M, R2 = 0.92061 |
| [152] | Water Solution | AuNPs reduction by Fe carbon quantum dots (CDFe) | Yes | Carbendazim and Profenofos | Carbendazim: 0.03 ppb Profenofos: 6.7 ppb |
Carbendazim: 0.03–0.8 ppb, R2 = 0.9859 Profenofos: 6.7–53 ppb, R2 = 0.9687 |
| [153] | Bacterial cellulose | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were produced via the reduction in chloroauric acid with sodium citrate | No | Thiram on the surface of an apple | 0.5 ppm | 1–20 ppm, R2 = 0.99 |
| [154] | Bacterial nanocellulose | Monodispersed silver nanoparticles prepared by a size-controllable seeded-growth method. | No | Thiram on the surface of an orange | 1 × 10−8 M | 1 × 10−4~1 × 10−8 M, R2 = 0.91 |
| [155] | Amino-functionalized PDMS | Ag colloids with different concentrations were prepared by concentrating or diluting the as-synthesized Ag colloid. | No | Malathion, phoxim, and thiram in the solution | Malathion: 41.46 μg/L phoxim: 15.69 μg/L Thiram: 3.62 μg/L |
Malathion: 100~5000 μg/L, R2 = 0.9891 phoxim: 50–5000 μg/L, R2 = 0.9805 Thiram: 10~1000 μg/L, R2 = 0.9665 |
| [156] | Silicone | Au nanorods with a thin silver layer | No | Thiram in solution, and on the surface of the strawberries, mushrooms, and apples |
Thiram in solution: 1.8 μg/L Thiram on the surface of the strawberries, mushrooms, and apples: 2 μg/L |
Thiram in solution: 1 × 10−5~1 × 10−9 M, R2 = 0.9813 |
| [157] | PDMS | (Ti3C2Tx)/Ag (MXene) |
No | Thiabendazole on the surface of an apple | Thiabendazole on the surface of the apple: 1 × 10−7 g/mL | Thiabendazole on the surface of the apple: 1 × 10−3~1 × 10−7 g/mL, R2 = 0.980 |
| [158] | Silicon | AgNP-modified ZnO@Co3O4 heterostructure derived from ZIF-8@ZIF-67. | No | Thiram, triazophos, and fonofos in the solution and the tea leaves and dendrobium leaves |
Solution: thiram: 10−7 M triazophos: 10−8 M fonofos: 10−7 M tea leaves and dendrobium leaves: thiram: 10−6 M triazophos: 10−7 M fonofos: 10−6 M |
Tea leaves and dendrobium leaves: thiram: 1 × 10−3~1 × 10−6 M, R2 = 0.9835 triazophos: 1 × 10−4~1 × 10−7 M, R2 = 0.9942 fonofos: 1 × 10−3~1 × 10−6 M, R2 = 0.9570 |