Table 4.

Induction of differentiation by green tea catechins.

Model	Compound/Component	Effect	Reference
In vitro
HL60 NB4	EGCG 0–40 µmol/L (24–36h) ATRA—1 µmol/L	Induction of neutrophil differentiation—↑ CD11b surface expression EGCG + ATRA—↑ CD11b and CD15 expression; ↑ CEBPE, CSF3R and DAPK2; and ↓ of undifferentiated promyelocytes and myelocytes	[16]
NB4 NB4 R1 NB4 R2	Catechins 100–200 µM (12–24 h)	Induction of PML/RARα degradation	[33]
NB4	EGCG 0–30 µM (72 h) ATRA—10 µM	Induction of PML-RARα degradation by inhibition of Pin1 (↓)	[107]
HL-60 NB4	EGCG 0–100 µM (24–72 h) ATRA—10 µM	Induction of granulocytic maturation—morphological changes and ↑ NBT reduction ability; and degradation of PML/RARα (↓) and HDAC1 (↓)	[106]
HL60 NB4 THP-1	EGCG 5–40 µM (48 h) ATRA 1 µM/mL	Induction of PML/RARα degradation (↓) and restored PML (↑) and PTEN (↑) function EGCG + ATRA—↑ PTEN, CD11b, CEBPE	[108]
NB4	EGCG 12.5–20 µg/mL ATRA—1 µM	Induction of neutrophil differentiation—↑ of CD11b, CD14, CD15 and CD66 surface expression EGCG + ATRA—↑ CD15 expression	[7]
In vivo—Xenograft and systemics model
CTSG-PML-RARA transgenic mice cells in C57BL/6J mice	EGCG 12.50 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 21 days ATRA—5 mg	Induction of PML-RARα degradation in bone marrow cells and ↓ of spleen weight	[107]
hCG-PML/RAR transgenic mice cells in NOD. CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice	EGCG 25 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally, for 5 days	Induction of differentiation—↓ immature cells and undifferentiated promyelocytes in the bone marrow, ↑ mature myeloid cells, ↓ PIN1 and its substrates—cyclin D, NFκB, c-Myc and AKT and ↑ ROS; ↓ of spleen weight	[7]