Table 3.
The relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels, stratified by age, BMI, and sex.
| Participants | Dietary Fiber Intake (g/Day) | Percent Changes (%) and 95% CI | p Value | p a for Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age subgroup | 0.074 | |||
| Age < 60 years | Per IQR increases | 1.3 (−0.1, 2.7) | 0.077 | |
| Quartile 1 | Ref | |||
| Quartile 2 | 0.6 (−2.8, 4.2) | 0.728 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 0.7 (−2.2, 3.7) | 0.634 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 3.1 (−0.6, 7.0) | 0.107 | ||
| p for trend | 0.077 | |||
| Age ≥ 60 years | Per IQR increases | 2.8 (1.3, 4.4) | 0.001 | |
| Quartile 1 | Ref | |||
| Quartile 2 | 2.7 (−1.1, 6.6) | 0.175 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 7.5 (2.5, 12.7) | 0.004 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 7.0 (2.5, 11.7) | 0.003 | ||
| p for trend | 0.002 | |||
| BMI subgroup | 0.036 | |||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | Per IQR increases | 3.1 (1.0, 5.3) | 0.005 | |
| Quartile 1 | Ref | |||
| Quartile 2 | −4.2 (−8.9, 0.7) | 0.098 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 0.2 (−4.5, 5.1) | 0.929 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 2.6 (−3.0, 8.4) | 0.372 | ||
| p for trend | 0.069 | |||
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | Per IQR increases | 1.4 (0.1, 2.6) | 0.036 | |
| Quartile 1 | Ref | |||
| Quartile 2 | 3.0 (0.0, 6.1) | 0.057 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 3.9 (0.5, 7.4) | 0.027 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 4.9 (1.5, 8.4) | 0.006 | ||
| p for trend | 0.007 | |||
| Sex subgroup | 0.252 | |||
| male | Per IQR increases | 2.2 (1.0, 3.4) | 0.001 | |
| Quartile 1 | Ref | |||
| Quartile 2 | −0.7 (−4.8, 3.6) | 0.742 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 3.4 (−0.6, 7.7) | 0.104 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 4.7 (0.3, 9.3) | 0.039 | ||
| p for trend | 0.003 | |||
| female | Per IQR increases | 1.5 (−0.3, 3.3) | 0.106 | |
| Quartile 1 | Ref | |||
| Quartile 2 | 3.1 (0.2, 6.1) | 0.041 | ||
| Quartile 3 | 3.1 (−0.1, 6.3) | 0.064 | ||
| Quartile 4 | 4.6 (0.6, 8.7) | 0.026 | ||
| p for trend | 0.052 |
Note: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index. Dietary fiber intake quartile ranges: Quartile 1 = 0 to 9.6 g/day; Quartile 2 = 9.7 to 14.8 g/day; Quartile 3 = 14.9 to 21.7 g/day; Quartile 4: 21.8 to 113.9 g/day. The age subgroup analysis adjusted for the following covariates: sex, BMI, PIR, education attainment, ethnicity, serum cotinine, alcohol drinking, diabetes or not, hypertension or not, eGFR, and dietary energy intake. The BMI subgroup analysis adjusted for the following covariates: age, sex, PIR, education attainment, ethnicity, serum cotinine, alcohol drinking, diabetes or not, hypertension or not, eGFR, and dietary energy intake. The gender subgroup analysis adjusted for the following covariates: age, BMI, PIR, education attainment, ethnicity, serum cotinine, alcohol drinking, diabetes or not, hypertension or not, eGFR, and dietary energy intake. a p value for the interaction of dietary fiber intake with age, BMI, or sex.