Table 1.
Placement of IMUs used to measure scapulothoracic, humerothoracic, glenohumeral, or elbow joint angles in all included studies. Acronyms used include ST, scapulothoracic joint; HT, humerothoracic joint; GH, glenohumeral joint; EL, elbow joint.
| Study | Reported Joint Angle | IMU Placement Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torso | Scapula/Shoulder | Upper Arm/Humerus | Forearm | ||
| [101] | EL | / | / | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [30] | ST, HT, EL | Sternum | Cranial, central-third scapular spine | Central-third, lateral-posterior upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [107] | HT | Sternum | / | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [66] | HT, EL | Middle back | / | Along external triceps long head | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [61] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [67] | HT, EL | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [94] | HT, EL | Central, frontal trunk | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [95] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Upper arm | Distal forearm |
| [79] | ST | Sternum | Cranial, central-third scapular spine | Central-third lateral-posterior upper arm | / |
| [36] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Central-third Lateral, upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [92] | HT, EL | Central back, below neck | / | Middle, lateral-posterior upper arm | Middle, dorsal-posterior forearm |
| [96] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Central-third, lateral-posterior upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [76] | EL | / | / | Lateral upper arm, bony region | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [102] | HT | / | / | Posterior, distal upper arm | / |
| [75] | EL | / | Distal upper arm | Distal forearm | |
| [60] | HT | Sternal notch | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | |
| [77] | EL | / | / | Distal upper arm | Distal forearm |
| [111] | EL | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, distal |
| [68] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [97] | GH, EL | Sternum | Scapula | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal |
| [103] | HT | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | / |
| [69] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [93] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [104] | HT | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | / |
| [105] | HT | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | / |
| [41] | HT, EL | Middle sternum | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [70] | HT, EL | Central back | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [109] | HT | Central back | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [98] | GH, EL | Sternum | Acromion | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [99] | GH, EL | Sternum | Scapula | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [108] | GH, EL | Sternum | Mid scapular spine | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [78] | EL | Central, frontal trunk | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [100] | HT | Central back | / | Distal, lateral-posterior upper arm | / |
| [113] | EL | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [71] | GH, EL | Sternum | Acromion | Upper arm | Forearm |
| [110] | GH, EL | Sternum | Scapula | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [73] | HT, EL | Central back | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [91] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Upper arm | Forearm |
| [83] | EL | / | / | Lateral, lower 1/3 upper arm | Dorsal, lower 1/3 forearm |
| [84] | HT, EL | C7 vertebrae | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [85] | HT | / | / | / | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [72] | HT, EL | Central back, below neck | Scapular superior angle | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [74] | HT, EL | Central, frontal trunk | / | Anterior, middle upper arm | Radial, middle forearm |
| [86] | HT | Sternum | / | Anterior, middle upper arm | / |
| [52] | EL | / | / | Distal upper arm | Distal forearm |
| [112] | EL | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [87] | HT | T2 vertebrae | / | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [81] | HT, EL | Central back | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [106] | HT, EL | Sternum | / | Lateral upper arm | Lateral forearm |
| [88] | HT, EL | T8 vertebrae | Cranial scapula | Lateral, distal upper arm | Dorsal, distal forearm |
| [89] | HT, EL | / | / | Lateral, middle upper arm | Dorsal, middle forearm |
| [90] | ST | Sternum | Acromion/mid-scapular spine | Posterior, distal upper arm | / |