Table 2.
The comparison between the groups in terms of media use characteristics, parafunctional oral habits, and oral health parameters
| Low problematic media use (n = 51) | Moderate-high problematic media use (n = 102) | P—value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PMUM-SF score | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | < 0.001a |
| Using media devices | |||
| Television | 68.6 | 67.6 | 0.902b |
| Smart phone | 54.9 | 74.5 | 0.014b |
| Tablet | 29.4 | 46.1 | 0.048b |
| Computer | 11.8 | 25.5 | 0.049b |
| PlayStation | 5.9 | 5.9 | 1.00b |
| parafunctional oral habits | |||
| Thumb-sucking | 0.0 | 3.9 | 0.302b |
| Lip sucking or biting | 11.8 | 21.6 | 0.139b |
| Gnashing teeth | 27.5 | 30.4 | 0.707b |
| Biting nail | 15.7 | 21.6 | 0.388b |
| Object sucking or biting | 11.8 | 30.4 | 0.011b |
| Having at least one parafunctional oral habit | 25 (49.0) | 63 (61.8) | 0.133b |
| Number of parafunctional oral habits | 1 (1–1.5) | 1 (1–2) | 0.053a |
| 1 habit | 76.0 | 54.0 | 0.057b |
| ≥ 2 habits | 24.0 | 46.0 | |
| Plaque index score | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 0.042a |
| Excellent | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.095b |
| Good | 47.1 | 33.3 | |
| Fair | 43.1 | 44.1 | |
| Poor | 9.8 | 22.5 | |
| Oral hygiene | |||
| Good | 47.1 | 33.3 | 0.099b |
| Fair-poor | 52.9 | 66.7 | |
| Gingival index score | 0.8 (0.4–1.2) | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | 0.012a |
| Free of gingivitis | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.036b |
| Mild gingivitis | 68.6 | 51.0 | |
| Moderate gingivitis | 29.4 | 36.3 | |
| Severe gingivitis | 2.0 | 12.7 | |
| Gingivitis | |||
| Mild | (68.6) | 51.0 | 0.038b |
| Moderate-severe | (31.4) | 49.0 | |
| ICDAS max score | 5 (4.5–6) | 5.5 (5–6) | 0.029a |
| Initial lesions | 11.8 | 3.9 | 0.052 |
| Moderate lesions | 13.7 | 6.9 | |
| Extensive lesions | 74.5 | 89.2 | |
| Caries | |||
| Initial | 11.8 | 3.9 | 0.085 |
| Moderate-extensive | 88.2 | 96.1 | |
| DMFT | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.018a |
| Absence of decayed/filled/missing | 66.7 | 48.0 | 0.029b |
| Presence of decayed/filled/missing | 33.3 | 52.0 | |
| DMFS | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 0.013a |
| Absence of decayed/filled | 66.7 | 48.0 | 0.029b |
| Presence of decayed/filled | 33.3 | 52.0 | |
| dmft | 4 (1–6.5) | 4 (2–6) | 0.523a |
| dmfs | 11 (2–19) | 9.5 (3–17) | 0.592a |
PMUM-SF Problematic media use measure-short form, ICDAS The international caries detection and assessment system, D/d decay, M/m Missing, F/f Filling, t/T Teeth, s/S Surface. Showing only the percentage of findings
acomparison of medians, the Mann–Whitney U test
bcomparison of percentages, the Chi Square test