Table 1.
Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables of adults (23–25 years) with or without asthma in the fourth follow-up of the Ribeirão Preto birth cohort (1978/1979), São Paulo, Brazil (2002–2004).
| Variables | Total | Asthma * | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | p-Value # | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 895 (48.2) | 814 (90.9) | 81 (9.1) | |
| Female | 962 (51.8) | 798 (82.9) | 164 (17.1) | |
| Age | 0.008 | |||
| 23 years | 521 (28.0) | 432 (82.9) | 89 (17.1) | |
| 24 years | 930 (50.1) | 821 (88.3) | 109 (11.7) | |
| 25 years | 406 (21.9) | 359 (88.4) | 47 (11.6) | |
| Household income ** | 0.002 | |||
| <5 MW | 605 (32.6) | 504(83.3) | 101 (16.7) | |
| 5–9.9 MW | 568 (30.6) | 499 (87.8) | 69 (12.2) | |
| >9.9 MW | 553 (29.8) | 500 (90.4) | 53 (9.6) | |
| No information | 131 (7.0) | 109 (83.2) | 22 (16.8) | |
| Physical activity level | 0.094 | |||
| High | 873 (47.0) | 767 (87.9) | 106 (12.1) | |
| Moderate | 590 (31.7) | 518 (87.8) | 72 (12.2) | |
| Low | 389 (21.0) | 323 (83.0) | 66 (17.0) | |
| No information | 5 (0.3) | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | |
| Smoking | 0.001 | |||
| No | 1548 (83.4) | 1360 (87.9) | 188 (12.1) | |
| Yes | 309 (16.6) | 252 (81.6) | 57 (18.4) | |
| Total | 1857 (100.0) | 1612 (86.8) | 245 (13.2) | |
* A positive bronchoprovocation test and the presence of clinical signs (wheezing in the last 12 months or chest tightness in the last 12 months or shortness of breath during the day. when at rest in the last 12 months or shortness of breath at night in the last 12 months). ** MW, minimum wage ($66.00 to 86.00 from 2002 to 2004). # Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.