Table 3.

Contribution of ultra-processed foods by subgroup to the total energy and dietary intake of adults (23–25 years) from the fourth follow-up of the Ribeirão Preto birth cohort (1978/1979), São Paulo, Brazil (2002–2004).

Ultraprocessed Foods	Total		Asthma				p-Value *
			No		Yes
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
%TCV
Sugar-sweetened beverages	9.9	7.8	9.9	8.0	9.8	7.0	0.900
Savory snacks	8.2	7.0	8.2	7.0	7.5	6.3	0.124
Sweets/desserts	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.0	0.803
Cookies	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.4	3.9	0.012
Breads	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.380
Sausages	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.9	0.213
Cakes	1.9	2.6	1.9	2.4	2.3	3.6	0.013
Chips	1.7	2.6	1.7	2.6	2.2	2.8	0.005
Dairy products	1.6	2.1	1.6	2.1	1.8	2.2	0.223
Ramen noodles	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.679
Margarine	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.279
Granola	0.6	1.6	0.6	1.6	0.3	1.0	0.008
Mayonnaise	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.597
Hard liquors	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.5	0.442
%grams
Sugar-sweetened beverages	23.8	15.0	23.7	15.1	24.0	14.1	0.918
Savory snacks	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.0	0.164
Sweets/desserts	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	0.621
Dairy products	1.4	1.9	1.4	1.9	1.5	1.9	0.494
Sausages	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1	0.199
Cakes	0.9	1.2	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.7	0.013
Breads	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.591
Cookies	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.026
Chips	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.030
Ramen noodles	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.705
Granola	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.015
Mayonnaise	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.296
Margarine	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.310
Hard liquors	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.496

TCV: total caloric value; SD: standard deviation. * Student t-test.