Skip to main content
. 2023 Jul 17;15(14):3165. doi: 10.3390/nu15143165

Table 4.

Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and asthma in adults (23–25 years) from the fourth follow-up of the Ribeirão Preto birth cohort (1978/1979), São Paulo, Brazil (2002–2004).

Unadjusted Analysis Adjusted Analysis a,b
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption n PR (95% CI) p-Value PR (95% CI) p-Value
Tertile (% kcal) 0.932 c 0.928 c
1st tertile 619 Reference - Reference -
2nd tertile 619 1.17 (0.88–1.55) 0.280 1.19 (0.90–1.58) 0.212
3rd tertile 619 1.01 (0.75–1.36) 0.932 0.99 (0.74–1.32) 0.935
% kcal 1857 1.00 (0.99–1.01) 0.315 1.00 (0.99–1.01) 0.466
Tertile (% g) 0.934 c 0.942 c
1st tertile 619 Reference - Reference -
2nd tertile 619 0.94 (0.70–1.25) 0.673 0.98 (0.74–1.32) 0.925
3rd tertile 619 1.01 (0.76–1.34) 0.934 0.99 (0.73–1.32) 0.942
% g 1857 1.00 (0.99–1.00) 0.714 1.00 (0.99–1.00) 0.937

PR: prevalence ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. a Analysis of % energy adjusted for the variables age, physical activity level, sex, income, and smoking and for kilocalories. b Analysis of % grams adjusted for the variables age, physical activity level, sex, income, and smoking and for kilocalories. c p-value for trend.