Table 4.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR positivity and demographic and potential risk factors with positive results among children in Tehran (autumn 2020 to spring 2021).
| Bivariate Data Analysis | Multivariable Data Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Age | ||||||
| 0–4 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 5–9 | 1.29 | 0.84–1.99 | 0.23 | 1.20 | 0.74–1.95 | 0.45 |
| 10–14 | 1.86 | 1.14–3.05 | 0.01 | 1.72 | 0.99–3.01 | 0.05 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Female | 1.12 | 0.74–1.70 | 0.56 | 0.98 | 0.62–1.55 | 0.95 |
| Season | ||||||
| Winter 2020–2021 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Autumn 2020 | 7.63 | 3.05–19.07 | <0.001 | 4.60 | 1.67–12.62 | 0.003 |
| Spring 2021 | 6.57 | 2.60–16.57 | <0.001 | 6.10 | 2.38–15.64 | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Medium and high | 1.01 | 0.65–1.55 | 0.95 | 0.42 | 0.25–0.69 | 0.001 |
| Household size | ||||||
| 2–3 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 4 | 1.26 | 0.79–2.01 | 0.32 | 1.20 | 0.71–2.03 | 0.48 |
| >4 | 0.86 | 0.46–1.62 | 0.65 | 0.92 | 0.47–1.80 | 0.81 |
| Smoking (parents) | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.62 | 0.36–1.08 | 0.095 | 0.50 | 0.28–0.90 | 0.02 |
| Contact with confirmed/suspected cases during last 4 weeks | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 5.84 | 3.62–9.42 | <0.001 | 3.76 | 1.99–7.14 | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 4.13 | 2.20–7.74 | <0.001 | 3.53 | 1.83–6.79 | <0.001 |
| Symptomatic | ||||||
| Asymptomatic 1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Common symptoms 2 | 2.11 | 1.16–3.83 | 0.013 | 1.32 | 0.69–2.53 | 0.40 |
| Cardinal symptoms 3 | 4.62 | 2.85–7.49 | <0.001 | 3.07 | 1.73–5.44 | <0.001 |
1 Absence of common and cardinal COVID-19 symptoms in children. 2 Common COVID-19 symptoms in children: sore throat, fatigue, rhinorrhea, stomachache, headache, nausea/vomiting, wheeze, dyspnea, myalgia, chest pain, and change in smell or taste. 3 Cardinal symptoms in children, fever (>38 °C) and/or cough and/or diarrhea. Numbers in bold face represent p-values that are statistically significant.