Table 1.

The interventions needed at the system, provider, and patient level.

	System-Level	Provider Level	Patients Level
Screening	Screening high-risk patients (PWID, prisoners, and others)	Proactive action: patient invitation for screening	Stopping substance abuse
	Modeling high-risk patient screening according to medical files	Being aware with cultural and linguistic barriers	Keeping appointments
	Universal screening in countries with high HCV prevalence		Adherence to screening
Linkage to care	Improving HCV antibody and viral load testing accessibility and availability	Preparing patients for treatment (laboratory test including antibody and HCV viral load)	Compliance with preparation before treatment, and laboratory testing
	Availability of the point-of-care/self-testing according to the local needs	Case and resource management at the local level	Insurance coverage
	Availability of testing for non-invasive liver disease severity assessment (FIB-4, APRI, Fibrotest, FibroScan)	Using doctor-to-doctor virtual consultation if available
	Decentralization of the patient’s investigation/ patient’s preparation for treatment
Treatment	Universal access to treatment	Be convinced treatment is possible, easy, and simple	Paying medical expenses
	Shortening wait time for specialist consultation	Appropriate education for HCV treatment initiation, in regions where providers are authorized to do so	Adherence to treatment
	Using telemedicine throughout all phases
	Decentralization of treatment approval and prescriptions
	Adding prescribers (internist, family doctors, or pharmacists) according to the local needs
	Clear healthcare policy/national program/protocols
	Special consideration for people who inject drugs, refugees, and prisoners
Other elements	Education and training of the providers	Increasing knowledge, education Staff familiarity with the process of screening, investigation and treatment	Continuing follow-up
	Increasing awareness among the population regarding the importance of the screening and treatment	Using telemedicine when possible
	Other manpower Nurse navigator