Figure 4.

Contribution of pattern recognition receptors to cytokine production by human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa. Human cells were preincubated with 200 μg mL⁻¹ laminarin or 10 μg mL⁻¹ of any of the following antibodies: anti-mannose receptor (MR), anti-complement receptor 3 (CR3), anti-TLR2, or anti-TLR4. Then, cells were coincubated with either conidia or yeast-like cells of the fungal species for 24 h at 37°C and 5% (v/v) CO₂. Supernatants were collected and used to measure the levels of TNFα (A) or IL-10 (B) by ELISA. No treatment, cells preincubated with PBS. In all cases, 100% corresponds to the system with no treatment, and the absolute values were similar to those shown in Figure 3. *P < 0.05 when compared to the no-treatment condition of the same strain. ^†P< 0.05 when compared to conidia from the same species. Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation from data generated with samples from eight donors analyzed by duplicate.