Figure 5.

Contribution of cell wall components on cytokine stimulation by Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa interacting with human monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophages were incubated with conidia or yeast-like cells at a macrophage-fungus ratio of 1:6, for 24 h at 37°C and 5% (v/v) CO₂. Plates were centrifuged and supernatants were used to quantify TNFα (A) or IL-10 (B) by ELISA. Before coincubation with human monocyte-derived macrophages, conidia, and yeast-like cells were inactivated by heat (HK) treated with endoglycosidase H (Endo-H), β-eliminated to remove O-linked glycans, or both treated with endoglycosidase H and β-elimination. No treatment refers to live cells without any treatment. *P < 0.05 when compared to the no-treatment condition of the same strain. Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation from data generated with samples from eight donors analyzed by duplicate.