Table 2.
The advances of nanostructures for the treatment of MDR pathogens in burn wounds.
| Nanoparticle | MDR pathogen | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liposome | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Increased drug concentration in infected tissues | [93–96] |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) | Enhanced antimicrobial activity | [97] | |
|
| |||
| Solid lipid nanoparticle | Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) | Prolonged antibacterial activity | [98, 99] |
|
| |||
| Metallic nanoparticle | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Enhanced therapeutic profile | [100–102] |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) | Enhanced bactericidal activity | [103, 104] | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) | Synergistic effects in combination with antibiotics | [105, 106] | |
|
| |||
| Hydrogel | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Improved therapeutic profile of the encapsulated drug | [107] |
|
| |||
| Carbon quantum dot | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Photodynamic therapy | [108] |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) | |||
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | DNA and membrane damage caused by oxidative stress | [109] | |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Photothermal therapy | [110] | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli | |||