Fig. 2.

The diversity of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS) brain phenotypes and the relationship between anatomical and physiological outcomes. (A) The severity of brain malformations in CZVS can be broadly divided into three types: (1) normocephaly with punctual malformations in the prosencephalon, (2) microcephaly with malformations restricted to the prosencephalon, and (3) microcephaly with caudal malformations (red arrowheads). The graph shows the approximate frequency of CZVS and CZVS-linked epilepsy cases across the brain malformation severity spectrum. Patients with caudal malformations have high odds of developing epilepsy, whereas normocephalic ones are less likely to be affected. (B) Schematic illustration of a coronal section of the brain of a postnatal CZVS patient as seen in a computed tomography examination. The inset in the top right corner represents a sagittal section of the brain, and the dashed red line indicates the position of the coronal section. Calcifications are represented in white. Subcortical calcifications are the most common in CZVS, but periventricular ones and calcifications in the basal ganglia also occur. D, dorsal; V, ventral; M, medial; L, lateral.