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. 2023 Jul 31;8:282. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Cellular mechanotransduction in tissues and organs. Typically, fluid shear force and hydrostatic pressure exist in blood vessels. Tensile force, hydrostatic pressure, and fluid shear force function in the urinary bladder. The fluid shear force and tensile force function in the intestine. The ECM stiffness functions in fibrotic liver. ECM extracellular matrix, EMT epithelial–to-mesenchymal transition. This figure was partly created using Biorender.com