Fig. 7.

Fabrication and the antibacterial effect of MPNs. (A) The coordination interaction between TA and Mg²⁺ in bacterial cellulose and its inhibitory effect on biofilm formation (Reprinted from Ref. [127] with permission from ELSEVIER). (B) MPNs based on coordination between TA and ferric ion (Fe³⁺) and the release of TA under different pH values (Reprinted from Ref. [128] with permission from American Chemical Society). (C) Preparation of GNPs@MPNs and their antibacterial effect against S. aureus and E. coli under near-infrared light (NIR) (Reprinted from Ref. [132] with permission from ELSEVIER). (D) Hybrid nanoformulation based on the coordination between TA and Fe³⁺ and its antibacterial effect under NIR (Reprinted from Ref. [134] with permission from WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).