Table 1.
Study population characteristics
| Characteristics* (n=2 955) |
No (%) of participants† | |
| Sociodemographic profile | ||
| Age (years)—mean±SD | 37.31 | ±9.02 |
| Sex | ||
| Females | 1659 | (56.14) |
| Males | 1296 | (43.86) |
| Gender Index (0–100)—mean±SD | 0.50 | ±0.26 |
| Masculine (tertile #1 scores 0.01–0.42) | 984 | (33.30%) |
| Androgynous or undifferentiated (tertile #2 scores 0.43–0.64) | 986 | (33.47%) |
| Feminine (tertile #3 scores 0.65–0.99) | 985 | (33.33%) |
| White self-identified race | ||
| Yes | 2705 | (91.54) |
| Indigenous self-identification | ||
| Yes | 67 | (2.36) |
| Country of birth | ||
| Canada | 2734 | (92.52) |
| Other | 221 | (7.48) |
| Education level | ||
| No secondary diploma | 270 | (9.16) |
| Secondary diploma | 322 | (10.92) |
| College diploma/registered apprenticeship or other trades certificate or diploma | 1618 | (54.88) |
| University education diploma | 738 | (25.03) |
| Marital status | ||
| In a relationship | 1655 | (56.35) |
| Not in a relationship | 1290 | (43.65) |
| Household income ($C) | ||
| <20 000 | 160 | (5.41) |
| 20 000–39 999 | 582 | (19.70) |
| 40 000–59 999 | 633 | (21.42) |
| 60 000–79 999 | 551 | (18.65) |
| ≥80 000 | 1029 | (34.82) |
| Region of residence | ||
| Remote | 657 | (22.23) |
| Non-remote | 2298 | (77.77) |
| Geographical area | ||
| Urban | 2136 | (72.28) |
| Rural | 819 | (27.72) |
| Public drug insurance status | ||
| Covered | 753 | (25.48) |
| Not covered | 2202 | (74.52) |
| Pain symptoms | ||
| Pain intensity | ||
| Mild | 964 | (32.74) |
| Moderate | 1568 | (53.26) |
| Severe | 412 | (13.99) |
| Pain interference (activities prevented) | ||
| None | 1257 | (42.61) |
| A few | 1183 | (40.10) |
| Some | 348 | (11.80) |
| Most | 162 | (5.49) |
| Self-reported back pain (except fibromyalgia and arthritis) | ||
| Yes | 1261 | (42.79) |
| Self-reported arthritis (except fibromyalgia) | ||
| Yes | 414 | (14.06) |
| General health and lifestyle profile | ||
| Combined comorbidity index of Charlson and Elixhauser—mean±SD | 0.12 | ±0.68 |
| Perceived general health | ||
| Excellent or very good | 1291 | (43.72) |
| Good | 1245 | (42.16) |
| Fair or bad | 417 | (14.12) |
| Alcohol consumption in the past 12 months | ||
| Regular | 2280 | (77.26) |
| Occasional | 400 | (13.55) |
| Has not drunk | 271 | (9.18) |
| Smoking | ||
| Regular | 762 | (25.79) |
| Occasional | 190 | (6.43) |
| Never | 2003 | (67.78) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Regular | 1822 | (61.66) |
| Occasional | 596 | (20.17) |
| Rare | 537 | (18.17) |
| Lifestyle | ||
| Active | 583 | (19.73) |
| Moderately active | 737 | (24.94) |
| Inactive | 1635 | (55.33) |
| Healthcare | ||
| Use of a pain clinic | ||
| Yes | 162 | (5.49) |
| Having a regular physician | ||
| Yes | 2215 | (74.98) |
*Proportion of missing data across presented variables ranged between 0 and 3.76%. Listwise deletion was thus applied for the subsequent phases of the analysis.
†Unless stated otherwise.