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. 2023 Jul 31;13(33):22945–22957. doi: 10.1039/d3ra03648k

The results of the doping effect in the literature.

Doping elements Results Ref.
Cu Improved photodegradation efficiency for MB and RhB 15
Ti Improvement of photocatalytic efficiency of Ti–V2O5 that is higher than that of Cu–V2O5 16
Nb, La Lower activity 17
Y, Zr Good capability of H2S removal 17
Gd Favors photodegradation of MB 18
Na Maximum degradation with 88.9% degradation rate to RhB 19
Nb Removed 91% organic caffeine in 2 hours 20
B Photodegradation for MB within 30 min in water samples under xenon light 21
S 4.7-Fold improvement in photocurrent density 22
S Improved photodegradation for MB and phenol 23