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. 2023 Jul 19;10(4):87–98. doi: 10.1049/htl2.12049
  • 1‐

    Read images from dataset

  • 2‐

    For all image do

    • 2.1

      Preprocessing given image

    • 2.2

      Extract features from image

    • 2.3

      Create Neural Network

    • 2.4

      Determine effective parameters in the network

  • 3‐

    Update hidden layers and nodes according certain parameters

  • 4‐

    Confusion process

    • 4.1

      Use DNN to select partition of image

    • 4.2

      For each partition use DNN to scrambling

    • 4.3

      Update cypher key

  • 5‐

    Diffusion process

    • 5.1

      While not EOI Do

    • 5.1

      Move pixels into vector

    • 5.2

      Use DNN to change pixel value (vertically and horizontally)

    • 5.3

      Update cypher key

  • 6‐

    Save the encrypted image to a file or transmit it through a secure channel for storage or further processing

  • 7‐

    Return to step 2