Table 3.

Standardised effect of CBM-pa group compared to control group on outcome measures at each time point (T1: post-intervention, T2: 1-month and T3: 3-month follow-up).

Measure	Time	Cohen's d	95% CI
Interpretation bias
Similarity Rating Task Target: bias	T1	−0.48	−2.13 to 0.25
	T2	−0.57	−2.33 to 0.09
	T3	−0.76	−2.68 to −0.30
Similarity Rating Task Foil: bias	T1	−0.23	−1.35 to 0.47
	T2	−0.25	−1.43 to 0.44
	T3	−0.20	−1.31 to 0.52
Scrambled Sentences Task (SST): paranoid bias	T1	−0.51	−2.14 to 0.13
Scrambled Sentences Task (SST): non-paranoid bias	T1	0.94	0.86– 2.81
Cognitive flexibility	T1	0.08	−1.66 to 1.96
Clinical outcomes
PANSS: item 6	T1	−0.11	−1.52 to 1.08
	T2	−0.21	−1.72 to 0.91
	T3	−0.44	−2.16 to 0.43
Paranoia Scale	T1	−0.23	−1.18 to 0.28
	T2	−0.38	−1.49 to −0.02
	T3	−0.19	−1.10 to 0.34
Paranoid Thoughts Scale: total	T1	−0.22	−1.24 to 0.38
	T2	−0.25	−1.31 to 0.32
	T3	−0.08	−0.96 to 0.63
Peters Delusions Inventory	T1	0.11	−0.56 to 0.99
	T3	−0.15	−1.12 to 0.55
HADS: total score	T1	−0.29	−1.33 to 0.20
	T2	−0.16	−1.09 to 0.46
	T3	−0.03	−0.82 to 0.72
Stress/distress
VRE pre–post change: sadness	T1	−0.18	−1.24 to 0.54
VRE pre–post change: paranoia	T1	−0.07	−1.09 to 0.82
VRE pre–post change: friendly	T1	0.00	−0.01 to 0.01
VRE pre–post change: anxiety	T1	0.01	−0.97 to 1.01
VRE SSPS	T1	0.06	−0.49 to 0.59

HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; SSPS, State Social Paranoia Scale; VRE, Virtual Reality Environment.