Table 1.
Demographic, medical, and lifestyle characteristics of participants.
| Overall (n = 154) | Non-HDP (n = 105) | HDP (n = 49) | p value | Normal weight (n = 45) | Overweight (n = 48) | Obese (n = 61) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (mean ± SD) | 29.72 ± 5.25 | 29.85 ± 5.14 | 29.44 ± 5.52 | 0.67 a | 30.40 ± 4.95 | 29.17 ± 5.25 | 29.64 ± 5.49 | 0.64 b |
| BMI at first prenatal visit (median, q1–q3) | 28.46, 24.46–35.67 | 27.27, 23.76–31.47 | 34.29, 28.12–40.39 | <0.001 c | 22.98, 22.11–24.96 | 27.68, 26.44–28.72 | 39.67, 34.29–43 | <0.001 d |
| Gestational age when BMI and serum sample were collected (mean ± SD) | 10.51 ± 1.80 | 10.45 ± 1.84 | 10.64 ± 1.73 | 0.52 a | 10.51 ± 1.88 | 10.44 ± 1.74 | 10.56 ± 1.82 | 0.83* |
| Gravidity [n (%)] | 0.74 e | 0.003 e | ||||||
| 1 | 35 (22.73) | 24 (22.86) | 11 (22.45) | 17 (37.8) | 12 (25) | 6 (9.8) | ||
| 2 | 44 (28.57) | 29 (27.62) | 15 (30.61) | 11 (24.4) | 16 (33.3) | 17 (27.9) | ||
| 3 | 42 (27.27) | 27 (25.71) | 15 (30.61) | 12 (26.7) | 14 (29.2) | 16 (26.2) | ||
| >3 | 33 (21.43) | 25 (23.81) | 8 (16.33) | 5 (11.1) | 6 (23.5) | 22 (36.1) | ||
| Race | 0.90 e | 0.32 e | ||||||
| White | 109 (70.8) | 74 (70.5) | 35 (71.4) | 34 (75.6) | 36 (75) | 39 (63.9) | ||
| Non-white | 45 (29.2) | 31 (29.5) | 14 (28.6) | 11 (24.4) | 12 (25) | 22 (36.1) | ||
| Pre-pregnancy obesity (medical records) [n (%)] | 56 (37.0) | 30 (29.4) | 26 (53.1) | 0.01 e | 1 (2.3) | 4 (8.5) | 51 (83.6) | <0.001 e |
| Gestational age at delivery (median, q1–q3) | 39.29, 38.43–40.14 | 39.29, 38.86–40.29 | 38.57, 37.85–40.00 | <0.001 c | 39.43, 38.86–40.29 | 39.36, 38.68–40.07 | 39.00, 38.14–40.00 | 0.07 d |
| Smoked more than 100 cigarettes (about 5 packs) in your lifetime [n (%)] | 33 (22.3) | 17 (17.0) | 16 (33.3) | 0.03 e | 7 (16.3) | 12 (26.7) | 14 (23.3) | 0.49 e |
SD, standard deviation; q1, 25th percentile; q3, 75th percentile.
a
Student’s t-test.
b
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
c
Wilcoxon rank sum test.
d
Kruskal-Wallis test.
e
Chi-square test.