Table 1.
Assessment of basic characteristics.
| References | Trial design | Groups | Diagnosis | Stone size (mm) | Number | SFR (months) | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bozzini et al.9 | RCT | PCNL, RIRS, ESWL | CT | 10–20 | 582 | 3 | LC, 18–75 years |
| Bozzini et al.10 | RCT | PCNL, MPCNL, UMPCNL | CT | 10–20 | 132 | 3 | LC, 18–75 years |
| Fayad et al.11 | RCT | MPCNL, RIRS | CT | ≤20 | 120 | 3 | LC, 18–75 years |
| Jiang et al.12 | RCT | MPCNL, RIRS | CT | ≤20 | 116 | 3 | LC, ≥18 years |
| Jin et al.13 | RCT | MPCNL, RIRS | CT | 10–20 | 220 | 3 | LC, average 52.3 years |
| Kumar et al.14 | RCT | MPCNL, RIRS, ESWL | CT | 10–20 | 158 | 3 | LC, ≥15 years |
| Sener et al.15 | RCT | RIRS, ESWL | CT | ≤10 | 100 | 3 | LC, average 35.67 years |
| Yuruk et al.16 | RCT | PCNL, ESWL | CT | ≤20 | 66 | 3 | LC, 18–75 years |
| Zhang et al.17 | RCT | UMPCNL, RIRS, ESWL | CT | 10–20 | 180 | 3 | LC, ≥18 years |
| Total | – | – | 1674 | – | – |
CT, computed tomography; ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; LC, stones located in lower calyceal; MPCNL, mini-PCNL; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RIRS, retrograde intrarenal surgery; SFR, stone-free rate; UMPCNL, ultramini-PCNL.