TABLE 2.
Overview of key HBM concepts and organ donation.
| Organ donation | Possible cues for action | |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived susceptibility | • Increase awareness of: | ✓ Provide accurate information to increase knowledge |
| - CKD prevalence | ✓ Information on how to register on ODR | |
| - scarcity of ethnic organs | ✓ Personal stories and experiences from real people to raise awareness | |
| - time on waiting list | ✓ Use of South Asian Media/TV | |
| - blood and tissue typing | ✓ Reassurance of best possible treatment by healthcare professionals when dying | |
| - overall plight of South Asian community | ||
| Perceived severity | • Identify level of risks to self, family and wider community | ✓ GP recruitment or provision of information for ODR |
| • Concerns over deceased organ donation, less active treatment by medical staff to save own life | ✓ Reinforce message that donation will directly benefit ethnic minority community | |
| Perceived benefits | • Increased number of available ethnic minority organs incase needed by individual, family or member of wider community | ✓ Share and disseminate Fatwa advice to wider community—clarify religious stance for different groups |
| • Reduced time on the transplant waiting list for South Asians | ✓ Engage local religious leaders to spread positive message, encourage wider religious debate | |
| • Increased number of South Asians receiving the optimum treatment option of transplantation reducing the number on dialysis | ✓ Cultural reassurance as to how a dead body is managed when donating an organ | |
| • “Gift of life” selfless act to help others fulfilling religious and cultural practices—feeling of being a “hero” | ✓ Educate families and in particular elders | |
| Perceived barriers | • Lack of knowledge and awareness of need and how to become ODR | ✓ Peer education or education by a person who understands and belongs to the South Asian community |
| • Religious misinterpretation | ||
| • Religious leaders and family elders | ✓ Sustained education programs (maybe earlier in schools/universities) | |
| • Poorly trained health professionals not culturally sensitive | ||
| • Mistrust in health system to sustain life of ill person | ✓ Training/education of whole team of health professionals on South Asian culture and religion to ensure effective communication and trust | |
| • Inappropriate cultural management of deceased donor | ||
| Self-efficacy | Encourage individual confidence in own decision making, confidence to make appropriate decisions for next of kin, and wider community | |