TABLE 4.
Associations Between the Characteristics Before and Upon Arrival at Percy Hospital, and In-hospital Outcomes
| ICU Length of Stay, Median (IQR), d | p | Hospital Length of Stay, Median (IQR), d | p | No. pRBC per Patient, Median (IQR) |
p | No. Plasma Units per Patient, Median (IQR) | p | No. Platelets Units per Patient, Median (IQR) | p | Mechanical Ventilation Length, Median (IQR), d | p | Respiratory Infection, n (%) | p | Surgical Site Infection, n (%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wound involving the abdomen | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 0.003 | ||||||||
| Yes | 16 (6–26) | 81 (40–106) | 6 (4–14) | 6 (4–11) | 0 (0–2) | 5 (2–12) | 4 (36) | 6 (55) | ||||||||
| No | 5 (3–10) | 28 (12–91) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–6) | 7 (25) | 2 (7) | ||||||||
| Wound involving the pelvis | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.58 | ||||||||
| Yes | 16 (11–19) | 97 (84–106) | 7 (1–10) | 5 (0–8) | 1 (0–2) | 10 (7–15) | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | ||||||||
| No | 5 (4–10) | 28 (13–83) | 2 (0–6) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–0) | 2 (0–5) | 7 (21) | 6 (18) | ||||||||
| ISS | 0.002 | 0.54 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.56 | 0.04 | 0.08 | >0.99 | ||||||||
| >15 | 8 (4–20) | 40 (18–91) | 2 (0–6) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–10) | 10 (36) | 6 (21) | ||||||||
| ≤15 | 3 (2–4) | 18 (12–75) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (−) | 1 (13) | ||||||||
| Substantial hemorrhage* | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.04 | ||||||||
| Yes | 10 (7–25) | 94 (38–122) | 8 (4–20) | 7 (1–12) | 1 (0–2) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (38) | 6 (38) | ||||||||
| No | 4 (3–7) | 18 (11–49) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–2) | 5 (22) | 2 (9) | ||||||||
| Surgery during military operations | 0.03 | 0.053 | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.002 | 0.65 | — | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 (4–18) | 49 (18–97) | 3 (0–9) | 0.5 (0–8) | 0 (0–1) | 4 (1–8) | 10 (31) | 8 (25) | ||||||||
| No | 3 (3–5) | 14 (7–41) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (14) | 0 (−) | ||||||||
| Shock index | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.004 | 0.66 | 0.04 | ||||||||
| >0.9 | 21 (12–28) | 99 (38–122) | 18 (2–37) | 11 (0–26) | 1 (0–4) | 8 (6–13) | 3 (38) | 4 (50) | ||||||||
| ≤0.9 | 5 (3–10) | 32 (13–84) | 2 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–4) | 8 (26) | 4 (13) | ||||||||
| Mechanical ventilation on arrival at hospital | 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | — | — | ||||||||
| Yes | 9.5 (4–20) | 55 (18–102) | 4 (1–10) | 2 (0–8) | 0 (0–2) | 4 (2–10) | 11 (39) | 8 (29) | ||||||||
| No | 3 (2–5) | 22 (10–49) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (−) | 0 (−) | ||||||||
| Vasopressors on arrival at hospital | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.24 | ||||||||
| Yes | 10 (4–23) | 55 (19–122) | 6 (2–13) | 5 (0–9) | 0 (0–2) | 7 (2–10) | 7 (44) | 5 (31) | ||||||||
| No | 5 (3–10) | 36 (13–83) | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–4) | 4 (17) | 3 (13) | ||||||||
| Anemia on arrival at hospital** | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.15 | 0.65 | — | ||||||||
| Yes | 6 (4–18) | 40 (16–94) | 3 (0–7) | 0 (0–6) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–8) | 10 (30) | 8 (100) | ||||||||
| No | 6 (2–8) | 9 (7–19) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (17) | 0 (−) | ||||||||
| TAC on arrival at hospital† | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.03 | >0.99 | — | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 (4–21) | 45 (15–102) | 4 (0–10) | 2 (0–8) | 0 (0–2) | 4 (1–9) | 8 (30) | 8 (100) | ||||||||
| No | 4 (2–6) | 18 (10–54) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 3 (25) | 0 (−) |
IQR indicates 25% to 75% interquartile range.
*Transfusion of ≥4 U of whole blood or pRBCs between trauma and arrival at Percy hospital.
**Hemoglobin level <13 g/dL.
†Prothrombin time <70% and/or platelets <100 ×109/L.