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. 2023 May 29;95(2):S72–S78. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004018

TABLE 3.

Injury Characteristics Among Patients With pTBI or Open Skull Fracture, Stratified by Infection Status

Characteristic, n (%) Total Patients (N = 106) Patients With CNS Infection (n = 12) Patients Without CNS Infection (n = 94) p
Retained fragment 0.03
 Yes 78 (73.6) 12 (100) 66 (70.2)
 No 28 (26.4) 0 (0) 28 (29.8)
Fragment type* 0.91
 Bone 27 (25.5) 5 (41.7) 22 (33.9)
 Shrapnel/bullet 10 (9.4) 1 (8.3) 9 (13.9)
 Both 40 (37.7) 6 (50.0) 34 (52.3)
 Missing 1 0 1
Presenting GCS, median (IQR) 13.0 (7–15) 8 (7–11) 14 (8–15) 0.01
 Missing 19 3 16
CSF leak 0.06
 Yes 21 (19.8) 5 (41.7) 16 (17.0)
 No 85 (80.2) 7 (58.3) 78 (83.0)
Foreign object 0.28
 Yes 55 (51.9) 8 (66.7) 47 (50.0)
 No 51 (48.1) 4 (33.3) 47 (50.0)
Injury type 0.37
 Missile 40 (37.7) 6 (50.0) 34 (36.2)
 Blast 60 (56.6) 5 (41.7) 55 (58.5)
 Other 6 (5.7) 1 (8.3) 5 (5.3)

*Differences in the type of retained fragment in patients with CNS infection versus those without were examined among the subgroup of 78 patients who had a retained fragment.

IQR, interquartile range.