Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

	IAP (mmHg)				Number of patients
References	Low	Standard	Deep NMB	Total number of patients	Low	Standard	Type of procedure	Poor qualitya
Aditianingsih et al. 24	8	12	No	44	22	22	LDN
Akkoc et al. 25		10/12/14	Unknown	76		24/25/27	UL	Yes
Albers et al. 26	8	12	Yesb	178	89	89	LC
Ali et al. 27		10/>10	Unknown	160		80/80	LChol	Yes
Anwaar et al. 28	7–10	12–16	Unknown	100	50	50	LChol	Yes
Aydin et al. 29	8	12	Unknown	60	30	30	LChol
Barczynski et al. 30	7	12	Unknown	148	74	74	LChol
Barrio et al. 31	8	12	Yesc	90	60	30	LChol
Basgul et al. 32		10/14–15	Unknown	22	11	11	LChol	Yes
Bhattacharjee et al. 33	9–10	14	Unknown	80	40	40	LChol
Bogani et al. 34	8	12	Unknown	42	20	22	LH
Budhiraja et al. 35	7	12	Unknown	100	50	50	LChol	Yes
Cai et al. 36		10/12/15	Unknown	66		22/22/22	LC
Celarier et al. 37	7	12	Yesd	127	62	65	LC
Celik et al. 38	8	12/14	Unknown	60	20	20/20	LChol
Chang et al. 39	6–8/9–11	12–14	Unknown	150	50/50	50	LChol
Chok et al. 40	7	12	Unknown	40	20	20	LChol
de’Angelis et al. 41	8	12	Unknown	161	35	126	LChol	Yes
Dexter et al. 42	7	15	Unknown	20	10	10	LChol	Yes
Diaz-Cambronero et al. 43	8	12	Yesb	166	85	81	LC
Doğan et al. 44	7	10/13	Unknown	90	30	30/30	LChol
Donmez et al. 45		10/14	Unknown	50		25/25	LChol
Ekici et al. 46	7	15	Unknown	52	20	32	LChol
Eryilmaz et al. 47		10/14	Unknown	43		20/23	LChol
Esmat et al. 48		10/14	Unknown	71		34/37	LChol	Yes
Gin et al. 49	8	12	No	100	51	49	LChol
Goel et al. 50	7–10	12–14	Unknown	60	30	30	LChol	Yes
Gupta et al. 51	8	14	Unknown	101	50	51	LChol
Hasukić et al. 52	7	14	Unknown	50	25	25	LChol
Ibraheim et al. 53	6–8	12–14	No	20	10	10	LChol	Yes
Joshipura et al. 54	8	12	Unknown	26	14	12	LChol
Kandil et al. 55	8	10/12/14	Unknown	100	25	25/25/25	LChol	Yes
Kanwer et al. 56	7–10	12–14	Unknown	60	30	30	LChol	Yes
Karagulle et al. 57	8	12/15	No	45	15	15/15	LChol	Yes
Kendir et al. 58		10/14	Unknown	40		20/20	LChol	Yes
Khan et al. 59	8	14	Unknown	214	107	107	LChol
Kim et al. 60	8	13	No	46	23	23	GL
Kim et al. 61	8	12	Yesb	74	37	37	GL
Koc et al. 62		10/15	Unknown	50		25/25	LChol
Ko-Iam et al. 63	7	14	Unknown	120	60	60	LChol
Kundu et al. 64	8	10/12/15	Unknown	360	62	102/123/73	GL
Luo et al. 65		10/15	Unknown	102		51/51	RL	Yes
Madsen et al. 66	8	12	Yese	28	14	14	GL
Madsen et al. 67	8	12	Yesb	99	49	50	LH
Madsen et al. 68	8	12	Yesb	110	55	55	LH
Marton Filho et al. 69	6–8	10–12	Yesd	64	31	33	LChol
Matsuzaki et al. 70	8	12	Unknown	68	32	36	LH	Yes
Matsuzaki et al. 71	8	12	No	82	41	41	LH
Mohammadzade et al. 72	7–10	12–14	Unknown	60	30	30	LChol	Yes
Moro et al. 73		10/14	Yesd	80		40/40	LChol
Murtaza et al. 74	8	12	Unknown	80	40	40	LChol	Yes
Nasajiyan et al. 75	7–9	14–15	Unknown	50	25	25	LChol
Nematihonar et al. 76	6–8	12–14	Unknown	202	101	101	LChol	Yes
Neogi et al. 77	7	14	Unknown	80	32	48	LChol
Nuna et al. 78	8–10	12–14	Unknown	50	25	25	LChol	Yes
O et al. 79	7/9	12	No	54	20/21	13	LChol	Yes
Özdemir-van Brunschot et al. 80	6	12	Yesd	63	33	30	LDN
Perrakis et al. 81	8	15	Unknown	40	20	20	LChol
Pulle et al. 82	8–10	13–15	Unknown	194	94	100	LChol
Radosa et al. 83	8	15	Unknown	178	91	87	LH
Rehman et al. 84	7	14	Unknown	60	30	30	LChol	Yes
Rohloff et al. 85	8	12	Unknown	201	96	105	RALP
Rosenberg et al. 86	8	12	Yesf	127	60	67	LChol
Sandhu et al. 87	7	14	Unknown	140	70	70	LChol	Yes
Sandoval-Jiménez et al. 88	7	12–15	Unknown	68	34	34	LChol
Sarli et al. 89	9	13	Unknown	90	46	44	LChol
Sattar et al. 90		<12/12–16	Unknown	180	90	90	LChol	Yes
Schietroma et al. 91	6–8	12–14	Unknown	68	33	35	LNF	Yes
Schietroma et al. 92	6–8	12–14	Unknown	51	25	26	LA
Sefr et al. 93		10/14	Unknown	32		10/22	LChol
Sharma et al. 94	8	14	Unknown	50	25	25	LChol
Shoar et al. 95	8	12	Unknown	50	25	25	LChol
Singla et al. 96	7–8	12–14	No	100	50	50	LChol
Song et al. 97		10/11–12/13–14/15–16	Unknown	118		35/31 /28/24	GL	Yes
Sood et al. 98	8–10	15	Yesd	9	5	4	LA
Sroussi et al. 99	7	15	Unknown	60	30	30	GL
Topal et al. 100		10/13/16	Unknown	60		20/20/20	LChol
Topçu et al. 101	8	12/15	Unknown	150	54	48/48	GL
Torres et al. 102	6–8	12–14	Unknown	40	20	20	LChol	Yes
Vijayaraghavan et al. 103	8	12	No	43	22	21	LChol
Wallace et al. 104	7.5	15	Unknown	40	20	20	LChol
Warlé et al. 105	7–9	12–16	No	20	10	10	LDN
Xiao et al. 106	7–9	11–13	Unknown	96	48	48	LChol	Yes
Yasir et al. 107	8	14	Unknown	100	50	50	LChol	Yes
Zaman et al. 108	7–8	12–14	Unknown	50	25	25	LChol	Yes

GL, gynecological laparoscopy; IAP, intra-abdominal pressure; LA, laparoscopic adrenalectomy; LC, laparoscopic colorectal surgery; LChol, laparoscopic cholecystectomy; LDN, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy; LH, (mini-) laparoscopic hysterectomy; LNF, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication; NMB, neuromuscular block; RALP, robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy; RL, retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery; UL, urinary tract laparoscopy.

^a Assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias Tool; three or more bias items scored ‘unclear bias’ or ‘high risk’.

^b Deep NMB with low IAP and moderate NMB with standard IAP.

^c Deep and moderate NMB in low group.

^d Deep NMB in both groups.

^e Deep NMB and no NMB in both groups.

^f Deep and moderate in both groups.