Table 4. Risk factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients.
| Factors | Univariable models | Multivariable model* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Gender (baseline = male) | ||||||
| Female | 2.05 | 1.44–2.90 | < 0.001 | 1.89 | 1.32–2.69 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status (baseline = single) | ||||||
| Currently married | 1.56 | 1.08–2.23 | 0.016 | |||
| Widowed/separated | 2.11 | 1.10–4.36 | 0.033 | |||
| Education (baseline = Upper high school) | ||||||
| High school | 1.87 | 0.08–1.83 | 0.344 | |||
| Lower primary | 1.54 | 0.74–5.74 | 0.225 | |||
| Primary school | 1.22 | 0.99–2.38 | 0.053 | |||
| Occupation (baseline = Private employee) | ||||||
| Student | 1.21 | 0.41–3.48 | 0.728 | |||
| Agricultural worker | 2.68 | 1.06–6.44 | 0.030 | |||
| Government employee | 1.95 | 0.64–6.04 | 0.235 | |||
| Self-employed worker | 1.70 | 0.72–3.76 | 0.201 | |||
| Unemployed worker | 2.08 | 0.77–5.47 | 0.138 | |||
| Monthly income (Thai baht) (baseline = 10,001–15,000) | ||||||
| ≤ 5,000 | 2.48 | 151–4.15 | < 0.001 | 2.09 | 1.26–3.53 | 0.005 |
| 5,001–10,000 | 1.46 | 0.99–2.15 | 0.057 | 1.38 | 0.92–2.04 | 0.116 |
| 15,001–20,000 | 1.16 | 0.61–2.26 | 0.648 | 1.05 | 0.55–2.07 | 0.878 |
| > 20,000 | 1.57 | 0.71–3.83 | 0.292 | 1.34 | 0.60–2.85 | 0.493 |
| BMI (baseline = Underweight) | ||||||
| Normal weight | 1.04 | 0.54–1.92 | 0.907 | |||
| Overweight (at risk) | 1.53 | 0.77–2.98 | 0.215 | |||
| Overweight (obese) | 1.84 | 0.95–3.39 | 0.059 | |||
| Medical history (baseline = Any diseases–No) | ||||||
| Any disease–Yes | 2.11 | 1.46–3.12 | < 0.001 | 1.92 | 1.32–2.85 | < 0.001 |
*Model intercept: 0.3933, SE = 0.2