Figure 4.

The cGAS-STING pathway in neoplasms. MUS81, docetaxel, paclitaxel, arginine starvation, and P. acnes contribute to the increase in dsDNA in the cytoplasm. Carboplatin upregulates the expression of TREX1, which increases cytosolic dsDNA. SHP2 phosphorylates PARP1 and inhibits DNA repair, resulting in the accumulation of dsDNA. Cytosolic dsDNA is recognized by cGAS, and downstream signaling pathways are activated. The activated cGAS-STING pathway induces apoptosis and antitumor immunity, and these effects together lead to tumor cell death. JAK2/STAT3 and ENPP1 can inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway.