DRP1 is indispensable for the induction of beige adipocyte differentiation. (A) Representative images for SVF cells differentiated into beige adipocytes in the absence or presence of 10 µM mdivi-1 during the induction period (48 h), followed by wash out and continued differentiation on maintenance medium without mdivi-1 for the next 6 days. Scale bars: 500 µm. (B) Immunoblots for expression of adipogenesis-related proteins in cells treated as described in A. (C–E) qPCR analysis assessing the time-dependent change in expression of (C) Drp1, (D) adipogenesis-related genes and (E) mitochondrial markers during the early phase of beige adipocyte differentiation. (F) qPCR and (G) western blot analysis of genes involved in adipogenesis assessed at 48 h following the induction of SVF cell differentiation in the presence or absence of 10 µM mdivi-1. (H) Immunoblots of DRP1 in nuclear and cytosolic fractions of SVF cells assessed at 48 h following induction of differentiation. In C–F, β-actin was used to normalize gene expression. In B and G, actin is shown as a loading control. In H, tubulin and histone 3 are shown as cytosolic and nuclear loading controls, respectively. Quantitative data are presented as mean±s.e.m. (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001). Und, undifferentiated.