Table 1.
Baseline variables
| Remimazolam group (n = 54) | Routine group (n = 54) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 70.8 ± 4.4 | 71.8 ± 5.5 | 0.292 |
| Female, n | 39 (72.2%) | 40 (74.1%) | 0.828 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.3 ± 3.6 | 26.2 ± 2.5 | 0.869 |
| Duration of education, year | 9 (3, 12) | 8 (3, 12) | 0.758 |
| Preoperative comorbidities, n | |||
| Hypertension | 30 (55.6%) | 42 (77.8%) | 0.014 |
| Coronary heart disease | 13 (24.1%) | 9 (16.7%) | 0.339 |
| Arrhythmiaa | 2 (3.7%) | 3 (5.6%) | > 0.99 |
| Stroke | 2 (3.7%) | 6 (11.1%) | 0.270 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (18.5%) | 18 (33.3%) | 0.079 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (3.7%) | > 0.99 |
| Alcoholismb | 2 (3.7%) | 3 (5.6%) | > 0.99 |
| ASA-PS classification, n | 0.430 | ||
| II | 31 (57.4%) | 35 (64.8%) | |
| III | 23 (42.6%) | 19 (35.2%) | |
| Pittsburgh sleep quality index, scorec | 6.5 ± 3.3 | 7.7 ± 3.5 | 0.062 |
| Self-rating anxiety scale, scored | 27 (25, 31) | 30 (26, 33) | 0.061 |
| Brief Pain Inventory, scoree | |||
| Severity score | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 0.252 |
| Interference score | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.4 | 0.553 |
| Barthel Index, scoref | 95 (90, 100) | 95 (85, 100) | 0.053 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%)
ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status
aArrhythmia requiring medical therapy such as atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block
bWeekly consumption of alcohol more than 150 mL or in equivalent dosage
cA self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality within 1 month which ranges from 0 to 21 with higher score for worse sleep quality
dScore ranges from 20 to 80 with higher score indicating heavier anxiety
eIncludes a 4-item chronic pain severity scale and a 7-item pain-related-function interference scale. The mean scores range from 0 to 10 with higher score indicating heavier intensity or worse pain-related function
fAssessment of daily living activities. Score ranges from 0 to 100 with higher score for better activity