Table 3.
Antibacterial Effect of Biosynthesized NiO Nanoparticles
| Bacterial Species | NiO NPs | Method | ZOI (mm) | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size (nm) | Shape | Concentration/Amount | ||||
| B. subtilis | 7–40 | Spherical | 1µL of 0.1 mg/mL | Disc diffusion | 12 | [43] |
| 21 | Spherical | MIC: 21.875 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [36] | |
| 24 | Spherical | MIC: 15.6 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [35] | |
| E. coli | 7–40 | Spherical | 1µL of 0.1 mg/mL | Disc diffusion | 16 | [43] |
| 14–18 | Spherical | 1g of 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 28.5±1.9 | [37] | |
| 31 | Asymmetrical | 500µg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 2.95±0.48 | [90] | |
| 8–10 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1 mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 11 | [28] | |
| 12–15 | Rhombohedral | 100 µg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 15.37±0.17 | [15] | |
| 32 | Cubic | 5 mg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 11 | [126] | |
| 9.69 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 10 | [39] | |
| 24 | Spherical | MIC: 62.5 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [35] | |
| E. Hermannii | 8–10 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1 mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 6 | [28] |
| 9.69 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 5 | [39] | |
| K. pneumonia | 21 | Spherical | MIC: 175 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [36] |
| 12–15 | Rhombohedral | 100 µg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 13.80±0.29 | [15] | |
| 24 | Spherical | MIC: 125 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [35] | |
| P. aeruginosa | 21 | Spherical | MIC: 175 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [36] |
| 14–18 | Spherical | 1g of 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 31.6±1.4 | [37] | |
| 12–15 | Rhombohedral | 100 µg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 13.67±0.29 | [15] | |
| 24 | Spherical | MIC: 125 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [35] | |
| S. aureus | 21 | Spherical | MIC: 87.5 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [36] |
| 12–15 | Rhombohedral | 100 µg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 14.67±0.17 | [15] | |
| 14–18 | Spherical | 1g of 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 33.4±1.3 | [37] | |
| 31 | Asymmetrical | 500 µg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 4.63±0.41 | [90] | |
| 8–10 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1 mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 16 | [28] | |
| S. aureus | 32 | Cubic | 5 mg/mL | Agar well diffusion | 12 | [126] |
| 9.69 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 15 | [39] | |
| 24 | Spherical | MIC: 62.5 µg/mL | Disc diffusion | – | [35] | |
| S. pneumonia | 7–40 | Spherical | 1µL of 0.1 mg/mL | Disc diffusion | 14 | [43] |
| 8–10 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1 mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 12 | [28] | |
| 9.69 | Spherical | 20 mL extract + 80 mL of 0.1mM Ni(NO3)2.2H2O | Disc diffusion | 12 | [39] | |
Abbreviations: ZOI, Zone of inhibition; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration.