Rapid reprogramming of cells by dietary shift: A, Mice fed AIN76A for 3 months (Arm1), switched to NWD1 for 4 days (Arm 2), or then switched back to AIN76A for 4 days (Arm 3), total Epcam+, CD45-negative epithelial cells FACs isolated and analyzed by scRNA-seq. B, Pathways significantly altered by rapid dietary shifts and their negative log P value for significance of pathway change. C, Magnitude of change of each pathway under the different dietary conditions; D, TCA cycle genes repressed by switching mice from AIN76A to NWD1 for 4 days and then elevated when mice switched back to AIN76A control diet for 4 days. E, Altered expression of each gene in the Oxphos pathway by 4-day shift from AIN76A to NWD1, and response of each to subsequent switch back to AIN76A for 4 days. For A–E,N = 3 mice for each arm in A.