Figure 5. Regulation of Nrf2 and Nrf2 target genes. The target genes and cellular processes regulated by Nrf2 are illustrated with instances. Also, the regulation of this complex and multifunctional transcription factor is also explained with examples. (Abbreviations: Keap1-Cul3-Rbx1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-Cullin 3-Ring box 1; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PGAM5, PGAM family member 5, mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase; CDK20, cyclin dependent kinase 20; WTX, Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome; HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1; SOD-1, superoxide dismutase-1; PRX1, peroxiredoxin 1; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; TRX, thioredoxin; ME1, malic enzyme 1; GPX1, glutathione peroxidase 1; 53BP, p53-binding protein 1; RAD51, DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1; MafG, V-Maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G; Ref-1, redox effector factor-1; Hsf1, heat shock transcription factor 1; Notch1, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1; MEF2A, myocyte enhancer factor 2; NFIL3, nuclear factor interleukin (IL)-3 regulated; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activator 1 alpha; NResF1, nuclear respiratory factor 1; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1; IL-6, Interleukin 6; IL-1 β, Interleukin-1 beta; IGF-1, growth factors [insulin like growth factor-1; VEGFα, vascular endothelial growth factor alpha; NGFβ, nerve growth factor beta; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; AKR1C1, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1; GSTA1, glutathione S-transferase alpha 1; ABCG2, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group); GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; PSMA1, proteasome subunit alpha 1; PSMB5, proteasome subunit beta 5; POMP, proteasome maturation protein; ATG5, autophagy-related 5; ULK1, Unc-51-like kinase 1; BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large; ECM1, extracellular matrix protein 1; MMP12, matrix metallopeptidase 12; LIPH, lipase member H; HMGCS1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; PPARα/β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/beta; ACLY, ATP citrate lyase; PKCα, protein kinase C, alpha; COX-2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II; MAPK10, mitogen-activated protein kinase 10; PKA1β, protein kinase a1 beta; FTH1, ferritin heavy chain 1; MT1A, metallothionein 1A; FECH, ferrochelatase.