| Characteristics | Exposure (n = 6,167) | Control (n = 28,546) | Standardized Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 3,687 (60) | 17,015 (60) | −0.0041 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 2,051 (33) | 8,869 (31) | −0.0471 |
| African American | 8 (0) | 50 (0) | 0.0258 |
| American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut | 89 (1) | 636 (2) | 0.0602 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 281 (5) | 1,489 (5) | 0.0278 |
| Other | 21 (0) | 117 (0) | 0.0169 |
| Unknown | 3,717 (60) | 17,385 (61) | 0.0123 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 236 (4) | 1,315 (5) | 0.0399 |
| Not Hispanic | 5,862 (95) | 26,834 (94) | −0.0455 |
| Unknown | 45 (1) | 292 (1) | 0.0327 |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 636 (10) | 2,685 (9) | −0.0302 |
| Divorced | 2,619 (42) | 13,091 (46) | 0.0685 |
| Separated | 149 (2) | 561 (2) | −0.0273 |
| Single | 2,218 (36) | 8,923 (31) | −0.0996 |
| Widow/widower | 31 (1) | 240 (1) | 0.0373 |
| Unknown | 514 (8) | 3,046 (11) | 0.0819 |
| Primary payer, n (%) | |||
| Self-pay/charity | 157 (3) | 1,102 (4) | 0.0734 |
| Commercial | 2,265 (37) | 9,972 (35) | −0.0376 |
| Medicaid | 1,307 (21) | 5,090 (18) | −0.0859 |
| Medicare | 2,283 (37) | 11,786 (41) | 0.0882 |
| Other | 150 (2) | 581 (2) | −0.0273 |
| APR-DRG severity, n (%) | |||
| Minor | 2,851 (46) | 12,305 (43) | −0.0624 |
| Moderate | 1,472 (24) | 7,457 (26) | 0.0508 |
| Extreme | 286 (5) | 1,533 (5) | 0.0367 |
| Major | 1,558 (25) | 7,251 (25) | 0.0023 |
| APR-DRG mortality risk, n (%) | |||
| 1 | 3,652 (59) | 16,028 (56) | −0.0608 |
| 2 | 1,426 (23) | 6,515 (23) | −0.0071 |
| 3 | 835 (13) | 4,745 (17) | 0.0868 |
| 4 | 254 (4) | 1,258 (4) | 0.0149 |
| Length of stay, mean days (SD) | 3.8 (4) | 3.8 (4) | 0.0035 |
| Total charges, mean $ (SD) | 16,513 (12,799) | 15,611 (14,562) | −6.5818 |
APR-DRG = All Patients Refined Diagnostic-Related Group; SD=standard deviation.