TABLE 2.
Adjusted Results from Generalized Linear Models for Health Care Utilization and Expenditure of Study Subjects
| Utilizationa | RR (95% CI) | Percent changec |
|---|---|---|
| Inpatient | 0.834 (0.819-0.850) | –16.6 |
| Outpatient | 1.036 (1.032-1.039) | 3.6 |
| Expenditureb | CR (95% CI) | Percent changec |
| Inpatient | 0.832 (0.829-0.836) | –16.8 |
| Outpatient | 0.974 (0.970-0.978) | –2.6 |
| Prescription drug | 1.164 (1.159-1.169) | 16.4 |
| Total | 0.958 (0.954-0.962) | –4.2 |
aHealth care utilization was assessed using a generalized linear model with, log link and negative binomial distribution adjusted for age, sex, plan type, region, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index, medication use status, average number of chronic medications used at baseline per month, and average number of antidiabetic mediations used during the study period per month.
bHealth care expenditure was assessed using a generalized linear model with log link and gamma distribution adjusted for age, sex, plan type, region, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index, medication use status, average number of chronic medications used at baseline per month, and average number of antidiabetic mediations used during the study period per month.
cPercent change indicated the percent difference in the adherent group compared with the nonadherent group.
CI = confidence interval; CR = cost ratio; RR = risk ratio.